In the last 15 years, there has been an explosion of new technologies, instruments, and materials for nonsurgical and surgical endodontics. These developments have improved the precision with which endodontics is performed. The most important revolution has been the introduction and widespread adoption of the operating microscope (OM). Its introduction into dentistry, particularly in endodontic...

The operating microscopes may be a significant cause of fatigue and discomfort in surgeons. The need for the microscope to be placed over the operating field forces surgeons to remain at the microscope's eyepieces at an uncomfortable posture for the entirety of the surgery. This study compared the effects on microsurgical task performance for four visualization methods: a monocular microscope, ...

Magnification of the surgical field using the operating microscope facilitated profound innovations in retinal surgery in the 1970s, such as pars plana vitrectomy. Although surgical instrumentation and illumination techniques are continually developing, the operating microscope for vitreoretinal procedures has remained essentially unchanged and currently limits the surgeon's depth perception an...

Calcium deposited within a root canal due to exogenous stimuli may hamper root canal treatment. In endodontic treatment, an operating microscope allows the conditions within the root canal to be directly viewed and evaluated. This report describes a case in which an operating microscope was used to facilitate the excision of a calcified structure from within a root canal at an early stage in th...

This well-planned study of the relationship of aerosols in dental operating rooms and the incidence of respiratory diseases did not produce the correlation which might be anticipated. The production of microbial-laden aerosols during dental operations, particularly those employing high-speed instruments with water-coolant sprays, has been shown t o cause marked increases in the concentrations o...

This article reviews the basic clinical techniques of performing a maxillary molar endodontic access opening, starting from the initial access opening into the pulp chamber, to the point where a size #10 file has been advanced to the apices of all three or four (or more) canals. The article explains how the use of the dental surgical operating microscope or microscope-level loupes magnification...

Aim: To assess the morphology of toothbrush bristle end by using Light Microscope and to evaluate the percentage of rounded-end bristles which are considered to be acceptable as recommended by American Dental Association. Materials and Methods: Three leading toothbrushes brands available in India were included for the present study. The bristles were removed and mounted on a glass slide and sec...

The success of endodontic treatment depends on the identification of all root canals so that they can be cleaned, shaped, and obturated. This study investigated internal morphology of maxillary first molars by 3 different methods: ex vivo, clinical, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis. In all these different methods, the number of additional root canals and their locations, the nu...