The architectural level plays a major role in the engineering of computer based systems. Having proper means for representing the architecture of a system is a crucial element of large system development efforts as it reduces the amount of uncertainty among the involved stakeholders. This paper presents a systematic approach called FMC (Fundamental Modeling Concepts) to describe the conceptual ...

Software-intensive information systems have a major impact on our lives, both privately and professionally. Development of these systems is a complex activity that requires the involvement of people with di®erent competences and skills. Even though software-intensive systems have been developed since the 1960s, the success rate is still low. A major hindrance to successful system development pr...

Mathematical constructions and concepts can be utilized in a number of methods to investigate the process of generating architectural forms. One is to technically layout architectural elements along such constructions, another is to explicitly develop forms corresponding exactly to the underlying concept, and another is to use such concepts as inspiration, a starting point for design. A hybrid ...

Simple random walk and Brownian motion are two strongly interconnected mathematical concepts. They are widely involved in not only pure math, but also in many other scientific fields. In this paper I will first introduce and define some basic concepts of discrete-time random walk. Then I will construct Brownian Motion with some basic properties, and use a method called the strong approximation ...

As a domain of application and reference for the proposed approach, we focused on Constructionism, a theory that studies the use of technology in the creation of educational environments. The most well known pragmatic result of Constructionism is the Logo programming language which, for the past 20 years, has been used by millions of students as a fertile soil for the development of critical re...

ôbjective: ço-morbidity of personality disorders with illicit drug abuse has a deleterious effect on the management outcome of both conditions. this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of different personality disorders among substance dependent patients in an ïranian city (ïsfahan) with a view to have a better understanding of various management strategies. methods: â total of 368 dif...

conclusions zolpidem dependency and withdrawal seizure can occur with a dosage under last reported doses. therefore, possibility of mentioned problems cannot be excluded at any dosage and physicians should pay more attention to potential of zolpidem to create these adverse effects. introduction zolpidem is a short acting inducer of sleep and thought to lack benzodiazepine properties such as anx...

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) has been used widely in various psychiatric disorders like depression and schizophrenia. there have been some reports of its usefulness in alcohol dependence and substance use disorders. the present paper reviews the studies done using rtms in substance use disorders including alcohol and nicotine dependence. various studies done have been rev...

This study seeks to explain how stakeholders’ dynamics influence Information and Communication Technology (ICT) strategic projects implementation in Saudi Arabian public hospitals. Stakeholder theory, mainly the identification framework of Mitchell, Agle, and Wood, is used to identify stakeholders’ saliency throughout the project events. However, stakeholder theory is static and do not help in ...

This paper explores universal relations, i.e., meta-mathematical concepts that mathematicians seem to employ in all domains of mathematical reasoning. This paper presents precise mathematical definitions for three universal relations: isomorphism (type identity), essential property , and isoonticity . Although no formal explanation is given as to how universal relations expedite mathematical re...