this paper investigate iranian tourism demand to malaysia using the recently developed autoregressive distributed lag (ardl) ‘bound test’ approach to cointegration for 2000:q1 to 2013:q4. the demand for tourism has been explained by macroeconomic variables, including income in iran, tourism prices in malaysia, tourism price substitute, travel cost and trade value between iran and malaysia. in a...

This paper presents the optimal policy for an inventory model where demand rate potentially depends on both selling price and stock level. The goal is maximization of profitability index, defined as ratio income/expense. A numerical algorithm proposed to calculate price. values depletion time, cycle maximum lot size are evaluated from solution shows that must be replenished when depleted, i.e.,...

This paper investigates the effect of exchange rate uncertainty on the Iran’s import trade. The exchange rate ‎uncertainty series were generated utilizing the TARCH model. This model analyzes the asymmetric effects. The analysis of uncertainty and asymmetry ‎of the exchange rate shows significant TARCH ‎effect on Iran’s exchange rates‎. The findings of the study indicate negative shocks (bad ne...

In this work, optimal control theory is used to derive the optimal production rate in a manu‐ facturing system presenting the following features: the demand rate during a certain period depends on the demand rate of the previous period (dependent demand), the demand rate depends on the inventory level, items in inventory are subject to deterioration, and the firm can adopt a periodic or a conti...

In this article, an inventory model is developed to deal with the impreciseness present in the market demand and the various cost parameters. The presented model is developed in crisp and fuzzy environments. Signed distance method is used for defuzzification. In most of the classical models, constant demand rate is considered. But in practice purchasing deeds of the customers is affected by the...