Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are currently being used to combat the COVID-19 pandemic through applications, including delivery of medical supplies, spraying, and public space monitoring. In a pandemic, drone-based is promising highly efficient method reduce transportation time, cost, exposure infection. However, owing both limited battery lifetime functions UAV in-...

As nuclear families have become increasingly less stable over the past quarter century, married couples have been faced with the difficult task of negotiating the terms by which marriage is ended. For parents, divorce involves questions revolving around the care and sustenance of children. In this paper we investigate whether observed divorce settlements indicate that parents make trade-offs in...

This Essay proceeds in four steps. Part I summarizes the quantitative evidence on the pattern of escalation and outcomes of more than 600 GATT/WTO disputes from 1948 through 1999. Part II elaborates on our theory of settlement bargaining within the context of an institution lacking enforcement power and shows how the hypotheses are consistent with the evidence introduced earlier. Part III discu...

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has many applications in real systems, especially distribution and transportation. The optimal determination of vehicle routes impacts increasing economic interests. This research aims to find the solution Pick-up Delivery with Time Windows (VRPPDTW). Targets this problem included reducing distance travel penalties. Three penalties that were considered are a capaci...

The adoption of all-electric vehicles (EVs) has grown rapidly in the transportation industry, particularly for urban parcel deliveries. However, limited driving range EVs and high investment cost establishing charging infrastructures are still holdbacks to routing these EVs. In this paper, we present vehicle problem a mixed fleet conventional (CVs) via intermediate depots as an alternative stra...

this paper considers the multi-depot vehicle routing problem with time window in which each vehicle starts from a depot and there is no need to return to its primary depot after serving customers. the mathematical model which is developed by new approach aims to minimizing the transportation cost including the travelled distance, the latest and the earliest arrival time penalties. furthermore, ...

Long protocol of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-analougue (GnRH-a) can result in the formation of ovarian cyst by the transient initial stimulatory effect which increases the levels of both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These cysts require surgical drainage or result in poor ovarian response. Ovarian cyst formation can be prevented by taking oral contraceptive...

The vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) is an extension of the well-known vehicle routing problem with a central depot. The objective is to design an optimal set of routes that services all customers and satisfies the given constraints, especially the time window constraints. The objective function considered here combines the minimization of the number of vehicles (primary criter...

This paper studies approximations to the average length of Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) with time window, route duration, and capacity constraints. The approximations are valuable for the strategic and planning analysis of transportation and logistics problems. Using asymptotic properties of vehicle routing problems and the average probability of successfully sequencing a customer with time w...

Deriving the optimal cash deployment strategy for a network of ATMs involves the analysis of logistics costs, inventory policies as well as of the routing of replenishment vehicles. The optimal cash deployment strategy focuses on the reduction of cash-related expenses provided that ATMs do not run out of cash. In the paper, this rich vehicle routing problem is solved using genetic algorithm. Th...