local anesthetic solutions are frequently mixed to take advantage of the useful properties of each drug but the medical literature is surprisingly deficient in well controlled studies about the onset and duration of action of these mixtures for epidural anesthesia. a total of 32 patients scheduled for elective operation were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled study; in group i, ...

T HE discipline of anesthesiology is awash with metaphors, but none more pervasive and alluring than the idea of “depth-ofanesthesia.” Every working day anesthesiologists constantly adjust anesthetic drugs to try and get the patient to the perfect “depth-ofanesthesia” appropriate for the surgical conditions. In the most literal sense, the patient is analogous to some sort of submarine, entering...

Introduction. The prognostic value of age, physical status, and duration of surgery on perioperative course has been extensively studied. However, the impact of deep hypnotic time (time when Bispectral Index values are less than 40) has not been well evaluated. Methods. We designed an observational study to clarify the relative influence of deep hypnotic time (DHT) on outcome. Eligible particip...

Background: Inadequate depth of anesthesia leads to release of stress hormones. Electroencephalographic monitoring by bispectral index is a guide to asses the depth of anesthesia. The aim of the present study was to measure the serum cortisol levels as an index of stress response in patients who are candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery in two groups of patients. Methods: Seventy-...

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY P. O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk.fi Author Mika Särkelä Name of the dissertation Manuscript submitted Dec. 11, 2007 Manuscript revised Mar. 10, 2008 Date of the defence Apr. 18, 2008 Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Monograph Faculty Department Field of research Opponent(s) Supervisor Instructor Abstract

conclusions bis-guided management may not be superior to routine monitoring protocols to prevent awareness as well as hemodynamic changes during general anesthesia in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. results the overall incidence of awareness in the bis and routine monitoring groups were 5.5% and 4.1%, which was not significantly different. there were no significant differences in hemod...