Repeated cross-sectional data contain information on independent cross-sections of individual units at two or more points in time. Estimation of dynamic models with such data is made difficult by the general lack of information on lagged dependent and independent variables and the consequent unobservability of the intertemporal covariances needed to identify and estimate dynamic models. It is d...

A large portion of the variation in wages and wage growth rates among individuals is due to "unobserved" heterogeneity, and the source of individual heterogeneity is typically attributed to data limitations and/or the unobservability of certain productivity related factors. In this paper we develop a test that discriminates between two inherently unobservable sources of heterogeneity (both of w...

A central paradigm behind process semantics based on observability and testing is that the exact moment of occurring of an internal nondeterministic choice is unobservable. It is natural, therefore, for this property to hold when the internal choice is quantified with probabilities. However, ever since probabilities have been introduced in process semantics, it has been a challenge to preserve ...

The research project “AN.ON – Anonymity online” focuses on developing and providing a web anonymising service. This service provides anonymity and unobservability against external observers, the user‘s ISP and the operators of the service themselves. AN.ON is being promoted by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs for three years (2001-2003). Main criteria for the design of the web an...

The goal of Steganographic File Systems (SFSs) is to protect users from coercion attacks by providing plausible deniability on the existence of hidden files. We consider an adversary who can monitor changes in the file store and use this information to look for hidden files when coercing the user. We outline a high-level SFS architecture that uses a local mix to relocate files in the remote sto...

many textbooks include semantically related words and sometimes teachers add synonyms, antonyms, etc. to the words in order to present new vocabulary items without questioning the possible effects. this study sought to investigate the effect of teaching vocabulary through synonym, semantically unrelated, and hyponym sets based on higa’s (1963) proposed continuum. a total of 120 iranian intermed...

Abstract Herein, we present a novel topic variation detection method that combines extraction and change-point method. It extracts topics from time-series text data as the feature of each time detects change points changing patterns extracted topics. We applied this to analyze valuable, albeit underutilized, dataset containing Japanese Prime Minister’s (PM’s) detailed daily activities for over ...

In this paper we consider the problem of estimating depth maps from multiple views within a variational framework. Previous work has demonstrated that multiple views improve the depth reconstruction, and that higher order regularisers model a good prior for typical realworld 3D scenes. We build on these findings and stress an important aspect that has not been considered in variational multivie...

In three-dimensional (3-D) cluttered scenes such as foliage, deeper surfaces often are more shadowed and hence darker, and so depth and luminance often have negative covariance. We examined whether the sign of depth-luminance covariance plays a role in depth perception in 3-D clutter. We compared scenes rendered with negative and positive depth-luminance covariance where positive covariance mea...