Lipid compositions and compound-specific 13 C ratios of high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter (HMW-DOM) in the Middle-Atlantic-Bight varied with water depth, implying that the origins of HMW-DOM at different layers of the ocean may differ.

Sediments from Holes 994C, 995A, 997A, and 997B have been investigated for “combined” gases (adsorbed gas and that portion of free gas that has not escaped from the pore volume during core recovery and sample collection and storage), solventextractable organic compounds, and microscopically identifiable organic matter. The soluble materials mainly consist of polar compounds. The saturated hydro...

A method termed 'nanoglassblowing' is presented for fabricating integrated microfluidic and nanofluidic devices with gradual depth changes and wide, shallow nanochannels. This method was used to construct fused silica channels with out-of-plane curvature of channel covers from over ten micrometers to a few nanometers, nanochannel aspect ratios smaller than 2 × 10(-5):1 (depth:width), and nanoch...

To improve the lossless compression ratios for images having sparse histograms, a method of histogram packing was introduced. The method was found to be effective for low bit depth images. We investigate effects of packing histograms of high bit depth images—medical CR, CT, and MR images as well as various natural 16-bit ones. We analyze an off-line packing method, which requires encoding the o...

Three-point bend (TPB) and wedge splitting (WS) tests have been conducted on three different concretes and the specific fracture energy GF determined on the basis of the concept of local fracture energy. The latter is influenced by the free back surface of a notched test specimen, as explained by Hu and Wittmann. Tests on three or four specimen sizes with four notch to depth ratios confirm the ...

Depth profiles of total Th (dissolved+particulate) were collected at Station ALOHA (22145N, 158100W) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre during 9 cruises from April 1999 to March 2000. Samples were collected and processed by a new 2L technique that enables more detailed depth resolution then previous Th studies. Significant zones of particle export (Th deficiency) and particle remineralizatio...

Ninety-four stations were sampled in the Atlantic subtropical gyres during 10 cruises carried out between 1995 and 2001, mainly in boreal spring and autumn. Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and primary production were measured during all cruises, and phytoplankton biomass was estimated in part of them. Picoplankton (o2mm) represented 460% of total Chl-a concentration measured at the surface, and their con...

In the physical environment familiar size is an effective depth cue because the distance from the eye to an object equals the ratio of its physical size to its angular extent in the visual field. Such simple geometrical relations do not apply to pictorial space, since the eye itself is not in pictorial space, and consequently the notion "distance from the eye" is meaningless. Nevertheless, rela...

The Belizean reef coral Agaricia tenuifolia Dana forms aggregations in which rows of thin, upright blades line up behind each other. On average, the spacing between blades increases with depth and hence with decreasing ambient irradiance. We designed and built a small, inexpensive light meter and used it to quantify the e€ect of branch spacing on light levels within colonies at varying distance...