This 13th article of the Basics of Research series is first in a short series on statistical analysis. These articles will discuss creating your statistical analysis plan, levels of measurement, descriptive statistics, probability theory, inferential statistics, and general considerations for interpretation of the results of a statistical analysis.

We consider a descriptive version of Kakutani equivalence for Borel automorphisms of Polish spaces. Answering a question of Nadkarni, we show that up to this notion, there are exactly two Borel automorphisms: those which are smooth, and those which are not. Using this, we classify all Borel R-flows up to C∞ time-change isomorphism. We then extend the notion of Kakutani equivalence to all (not n...

In Chapter 1, we introduce a notion of universality for subgroups of Polish groups that has both algebraic and topological aspects. More precisely, given a class C of subgroups of a topological group Γ, we say that a subgroup H ∈ C is a universal C subgroup of Γ if every subgroup K ∈ C is a continuous homomorphic preimage of H. Such subgroups may be regarded as complete members of C with respec...

The Atlas of Descriptive Histology is an extremely comprehensive and well-organized atlas including 612 illustrations covering everything from basic tissue to full organ histology. In a clear, systematic fashion, the authors move from simple tissue structures to complex organ systems, including micrographs of the adult tongue, lip, teeth, eye, ear, and developing teeth. Each chapter is designed...

Community mining is applied in order to identify groups of users which share, e.g., common interests or expertise. This paper presents an approach for mining descriptive patterns in order to characterize communities in terms of their distinctive features: For an efficient discovery approach, we introduce optimistic estimates for obtaining an upper bound for the community quality. We present an ...

The purpose of this paper is to outline some recent progress in descriptive inner model theory, a branch of set theory which studies descriptive set theoretic and inner model theoretic objects using tools from both areas. There are several interlaced problems that lie on the border of these two areas of set theory, but one that has been rather central for almost two decades is the conjecture kn...

BACKGROUND To analyze the incidence and clinical-microbiological characteristics of osteomyelitis (OM) in a tertiary Spanish hospital. METHODS All cases diagnosed with OM between January 2007 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The variables examined include epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, affected bone, radiographic changes, histology, microbiological culture resu...