The study of the exclosure effects on the vegetation changes undergrazing and non-grazing conditions in the rangeland areas has particularimportance in the rangeland improvement and revivification projects. Theresearch was accomplished in semi-steppe KhoyBilehvar area, from 1999 to2005. Vegetation cover was annually measured within fixed plots during transact.The results showed that during nine...

Sets of desirable gambles constitute a quite general type of uncertainty model with an interesting geometrical interpretation. We study exchangeability assessments for such models, and prove a counterpart of de Finetti’s finite representation theorem. We show that this representation theorem has a very nice geometrical interpretation. We also lay bare the relationships between the representatio...

Americans find certain issues in public policy much easier to ignore than to confront. The necessity of rationing health care is one such issue. Because Americans believe that access to health care is a basic right,1 we, as a society, have avoided facing the hard fact that it is not feasible to provide, on demand, all needed medical procedures to every individual who could potentially benefit f...

operations are de ned as upgraded versions of previous ones. This ispossible only because of the systematic use of speci cations, since a correctreuse of previous operations can be based on explicit reasoning. Moreover, themathematical framework used by this version is still weaker than the previousones, since there is no abstract xpoint at all, even in theory. Finally, this ana...

Motivational attitudes play an important role in investigations into intelligent agents. One of the key problems of representing and reasoning about motivational attitudes is which propositions are the desirable ones. The answer based on classical logic is that the propositions that logically imply the goal are desirable and the others are not. We argue that this criterion is inadequate for the...

A,.t the present time most pharmacologists believe that acetylcholine is the activator and propagator of the chemical change present in all nerve conduction. This involves the axon and all synaptic junctions of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems. At the sympathetic end organs, sympathin or norepinephrine is released as the effecter substance. Acetylcholine itself is the parasy...

In open multiagent systems, where agents may join/leave the system at runtime, participants can be heterogeneous, self-interested and may have been built with different architectures and languages. Therefore, in such a type of systems, we cannot assure that agents populating the system will behave according to the objectives of the system. To address this problem, organisational abstractions, s...

Purpose The study aims were: (1) to replicate a previous by the first author confirm findings (internal validity) and check construct validity of previously proposed information-behaviour profiles, (2) compare information processes used students in parallel with requirements early professional practice. Design/methodology/approach A replication same questionnaire, delivered online all 175 acros...

Autonomy has been the central principle underpinning changes which have affected the practice of medicine in recent years. Medical education is undergoing changes as well, many of which are underpinned, at least implicitly, by increasing concern for autonomy. Some universities have embarked on graduate courses which utilize problem-based learning (PBL) techniques to teach all areas, including m...