While octopuses are mostly benthic animals, and squid prefer the open waters, cuttlefish present a special intermediate stage. Although their body structure resembles that of a squid, in many cases their behavior is mostly benthic. To test cuttlefish's preference in the use of space, we trained juvenile Sepia gibba and Sepia officinalis cuttlefish to reach a shelter at the opposite side of a ta...

The detour and spanning ratio of a graph embedded in measure how well approximates Euclidean space and the complete Euclidean graph, respectively. In this paper we describe time algorithms for computing the detour and spanning ratio of a planar polygonal path. By generalizing these algorithms, we obtain -time algorithms for computing the detour or spanning ratio of planar trees and cycles. Fina...

In this paper, we present a new class of attacks against an anonymous communication protocol, originally presented in ACNS 2008. The protocol itself was proposed as an improved version of ModOnions, which uses universal re-encryption in order to avoid replay attacks. However, ModOnions allowed the detour attack, introduced by Danezis to re-route ModOnions to attackers in such a way that the ent...

Article history: Received 10 May 2015 Received in revised form 19 January 2016 Accepted 19 January 2016 Available online 3 February 2016 Hundreds of studies have shown that, in people, cognitive abilities overlap yielding anunderlying ‘g’ factor, which explainsmuch of the variance.We assessed individual differences in cognitive abilities in 68 border collies to determine the structure of intell...

BACKGROUND Uretero-ileal anastomotic stricture (UIAS) is a urological complication after ileal neobladder, the initial management being endourological intervention. If this fails or stricture recurs, surgical intervention will be indicated. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS From 1994 to 2013, 129 patients were treated for UIAS after unsuccessful endourological intervention. Unilateral UIAS was present ...

Functional connectivity, the degree to which the landscape facilitates or impedes movement, depends on how animals perceive costs and benefits associated with habitat features and integrate them into a movement path. There have been few studies on functional connectivity in marine organisms, despite its importance for the effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas. In this study, we asked how open...