Methods for quantifying total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) were reevaluated. High-temperature ashing/hydrolysis (Ash/Hydrol.) and Acid Persulfate methods were examined for their ability to quantitatively convert a range of organic-P compounds to orthophosphate. The Ash/Hydrol. method recovered on average 99% of organic-P compounds tested, including phosphonates (compounds with C-P bonds). Contrar...

Dopamine acts through two classes of G protein-coupled receptor (D1-like and D2-like) to modulate neuron activity in the brain. While subtypes of D1-like and D2-like receptors are coexpressed in many neurons of the mammalian brain, it is unclear how signaling by these coexpressed receptors interact to modulate the activity of the neuron in which they are expressed. D1-like and D2-like dopamine ...

It is well-known that there exist many syntactic and semantic dependencies that are not reflected directly in a surface tree. All modern linguistic theories propose more articulated representations and mechanisms in order to characterize such linguistic phenomena. The Tree-DOP model is thus limited in that it cannot account for these phenomena. In this chapter, we show how a DOP model can be de...

Primary organic aerosol (POA) and associated vapors can play an important role in determining the formation and properties of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). If SOA and POA are miscible, POA will significantly enhance SOA formation and some POA vapor will incorporate into SOA particles. When the two are not miscible, condensation of SOA on POA particles forms particles with complex morphology....

The visible and NIR maximum degree of polarization (DoP) of cloud-free skylight depends on many factors, including wavelength, sun zenith angle, surface reflectance, and aerosol properties. For clear-sky environments, radiative transfer models accurately estimate the sky DoP when each of these properties is well constrained. (The model used here was recently compared with full-sky polarization ...

It is sometimes useful to amplify DNA before labeling it. Degenerate oligonucleotide primed-polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) allows amplification of any complex DNA, regardless of sequence. DOP-PCR is performed using a single primer that has a fixed sequence at its 5' end and several degenerate bases near its 3' end that allow it to anneal at low stringency to many sites in complex DNA. Foll...

background: patients with chronic stable angina often have a state of sympathetic hyperactivity. it is considered associated with myocardial ischemia and disappears after ischemia elimination. the aim of this study was to investigate the changes in heart rate variability parameters, a noninvasive technique for the evaluation of the autonomic nervous system activity, after successful revasculari...

Genetic alterations underlie the development and progression of neoplasia. Screening for genetic alterations in biopsies and premalignant lesions, where the neoplastic tissue analyzed usually constitutes only a small fraction of the cells in the specimen, often is difficult and tedious. Even after successful isolation of DNA, limited quantities allow only a few genetic analyses, limiting the id...

A statistical estimator attempts to guess an unknown probability distribution by analyzing a sample from this distribution. One desirable property of an estimator is that its guess is increasingly likely to get arbitrarily close to the actual distribution as the sample size increases. This property is called consistency. Data Oriented Parsing (DOP) employs all fragments of the trees in a traini...