An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Farmer Field School (FFS) is a field-based activity that lasts a full cropping season. A typical FFS meets once a week and 25-30 farmers participate in an FFS. In addition to group dynamics activity and a special topic session, an FFS emphasizes scientific learning through experimentation. Biological control is discussed and confirmed by carrying out insect z...

Three major primary parasitoids of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), are found in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) was discovered in the early 1970s, Diadegma semiclausum (Hellén) and Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst) were introduced in the mid 1970s from New Zealand and Australia. Field studies in the early 1980s showed that C. plutellae was the domin...