Diabetes is disease of both the endo- and exocrine parts pancreas. Pancreatic insufficiency (PEI) can occur in every 2–3 patients with diabetes affect not only quality, but also life expectancy. At same time, diagnosis treatment PEI getting enough attention. The endocrinologist, as main specialist leading diabetes, diagnose treat pancreatic using adequate doses enzyme replacement therapy (PERT).

a myocardial contusion refers to a bruise of the cardiac muscle, the severity of which can vary depending on the severity of the injury and when the injury occurs. it is a major cause of rapid death which happens after blunt chest trauma and should be suspected at triage in the emergency department. we demonstrated that suspected myocardial contusion patients who have normal electrocardiograms ...

we report the case of a male patient with community‑acquired quadruple‑valve endocarditis on presumed normal native valves.this patient had originally presented elsewhere with generalized edema and malaise and had been diagnosed with suspicious endocarditis and renal dysfunction, for which he unfortunately received incomplete treatment. transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic ex...

• When aortic and mitral valvular insufficiency are present in the same patient, indicator injected into the aortic root regurgitates into the left ventricle and thence into the left atrium. The purpose of this paper is to describe the indicator distribution in such patients and to compare the relationships found with those predicted from a theoretical model of bivalvular insufficiency. Indicat...

FOLLOWING the recent advances in cardiovascular surgery, the quantitation of abnormal hemodynamics has assumed paramount importance to clinicians and surgeons alike, and has been a constant challenge to research workers. The quantitative estimation of the severity of aortic insufficiency, for example, is still an unsolved problem. The different dye-indicator studies'-" and the technic of venous...

A 22 year old female with valvular heart disease, moderate mitral valve insufficiency, moderate aortic insufficiency, extensive aneurysmal dilatation of the entire ascending aorta and arch, and segmental dilatation of descending aorta underwent entire anterior aortic replacement. We performed aortic root and valve replacement with a composite graft, followed by coronary artery reimplantation us...

This review focuses on the occurrence, imaging and differential diagnosis of insufficiency fractures. Prevalence, the most common sites of insufficiency fractures and their clinical implications are discussed. Insufficiency fractures occur with normal stress exerted on weakened bone. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common cause of insufficiency fractures. Other conditions which affect b...

FOLLOWING the recent advances in cardiovascular surgery, the quantitation of abnormal hemodynamics has assumed paramount importance to clinicians and surgeons alike, and has been a constant challenge to research workers. The quantitative estimation of the severity of aortic insufficiency, for example, is still an unsolved problem. The different dye-indicator studies'-" and the technic of venous...

When discussing myxomatous valve disease in dogs, one has in mind atrioventricular valves, in particular the mitral valve, which is affected the most commonly and followed by the tricuspid, aortic valve and pulmonic valve, the last being seldom degenerated. Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MVD) is the most common cause of heart failure in dogs (1). In literature it can be found under various na...

Premature closure of an atrioventricular valve was observed in 80 of a group of 519 subjects catheterized for aortic insufficiency (Al) or mitral insufficliency (MI), or both. Sole premature mitral closure (PMC) was present in nine subjects, sole premature tricuspid closure (PTC) in 40, and combined PMC and PTC in 31. Clinically PMC was associated with a first sound that was soft or absent in 7...