echocardiography is considered the primary diagnostic tool for congenital heart diseases. the pediatric echocardiography diagnostic errors, consisting of false positive or discrepant diagnoses, picked up within a 2.5-year period in our pediatric echocardiography laboratory are presented herein. in this case report, the factors contributing to the diagnostic errors are categorized as cognitive s...

objective mental retardation (mr) or intellectual disability is one of three chronic and disabling neurological disorders of children and adolescents. its prevalence is estimated 1-3% of the population. mr is defined as significant sub-average intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that become detectable before the age of 18. mr may come into view before 5 years as delay in at least two...

patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, we evaluated all patients referred to a single rheumatology clinic for bone mineral density measurements from 2009 to 2010. all patients who had bone mineral density measurements taken from the hip, lumbar spine, forearm, and whole body were enrolled in the study. standard bone mineral density measurements were performed using a dual energy x-...

conclusions despite rapidity, automation, accuracy, cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, and high specificity of molecular techniques, each type of molecular technology has its own advantages and disadvantages. results various types of molecular biology tools can be used to detect and quantify viral genomic elements and analyze the sequences. these molecular assays are proper technologies for ...

introduction: the potential benefit of ultrasonography for detection of thoracic bone fractures has been proven in various surveys but no comprehensive conclusion has been drawn yet; therefore, the present study aimed to conduct a thorough meta-analytic systematic review on this subject. methods: two reviewers independently carried out a comprehensive systematic search in medline, embase, isi w...

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) is widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic tract disease. perforation is a rare complication of it, but it is associated with high rate of mortality, an overall mortality rate of 1.0-1.5%. here, a case of massive subcutaneous emphysema following ercp was reported without an obvious retroperitoneal or peritoneal ...

conclusions trained emrs like their fellow rrs have the ability to perform fast scan with high diagnostic value in patients with blunt abdominal trauma. objectives this study was conducted to compare the diagnostic accuracy of fast performed by emergency medicine residents (emr) and radiology residents (rrs) in detecting peritoneal free fluids. patients and methods patients triaged in the emerg...

personalized medicine is significantly changing the fundamentals of healthcare. genetic diagnostic tests are used in various parts of medicine – from initial screening to the diagnosis and finally treatment. investigations in fields of drug development indicate that oncology may lead other therapeutic areas in the number of targeted therapies on the marketplace as well as in the pipeline, expec...

eight sites were sampled during seven rain events to quantify and identify the sources ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban runoff in the city of tijuana, mexico. the total σ16 pahsconcentration rangedfrom 1113 to 4866 μg/lin the sampled sites and thetotal suspended solid concentrations ranged from 7725 to 4413 μg/l. the high concentrations of total suspended solids were probably the res...

anchusa )boraginaceae( includes weedy species in different habitats and cultivations and is composed of four species in iran. species delimitation is mainly based on features as zygomorphic or actinomorphic flowers, straight corolla tube and nutlet shape. in this project, morphological features of different accessions of anchusa species were evaluated. totally, 33 qualitative and quantitative m...