Current industrial methods of biodiesel production lead to an excess crude glycerin which requires costly purification before commercialization. Production oxygenated fuel additives is a potential route for valorization. Glycerin acetylation was carried out over heterogeneous acid catalysts (15%, glycerol weight basis) using glacial acetic (molar ratio = 9). The catalysts, containing different ...

This paper reviews relevant facts and statistics about the benefits impacts of growing use chemical fertilizer with a focus on soil fertility, crop productivity, alternative sources biofertilizers. Agriculture in Ethiopia is main source economy, it key contributor export value provider raw materials to processing industries. However, Ethiopian agronomical production characterized by low output,...

The title compound, propane-1,3-diammonium tetravanadate, (C3H12N2)[V4O10], represents a second polymorph of composition beta-[H3N(CH2)3NH3][V4O(10)]. It differs from the alpha polymorph [Riou & Ferey (1995). J. Solid State Chem. 120, 137-145] in the conformation of the propane-1,3-diammonium dication which, in the present example, lies on a twofold axis and adopts a syn-syn rather than a syn-a...

The commodity market super-cycle and food price crisis have been associated with rampant food insecurity and the Arab spring. A multitude of factors were identified as culprits for excessive volatility on the commodity markets. However, as it regards fertilizers, a clear attribution of market drivers explaining the emergence of extreme price events is still missing. In this paper, we provide a ...

Filter cake is one of the main waste products of zinc processing industries and it contains a high amount of toxic heavy metals. In this research in order to reduce heavy metals leachability in filter cake, Portland cement, natural pozzolan, diammonium phosphate (DAP), triple superphosphate (TSP), lime, zinc oxide and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) have been used. This research’s ...

In the title compound, [NH(3)(CH(2))(5)NH(3)][PdCl(4)], the square-planar [PdCl(4)](2-) anions are centrosymmetric while the diammonium cation lies in a general position. In addition to electrostatic inter-actions, the two species are linked through N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network.