The optimization problem using time scales is studied. Time scale is a model of time. The language of time scales seems to be an ideal tool to unify the continuous-time and the discrete-time theories. In this work we present necessary conditions for a solution of an optimization problem on time scales. To obtain that result we use properties and results of the partial diamond-alpha derivatives ...

The single-crystal elastic moduli of alpha-quartz were measured to above 20 GPa in a diamond-anvil cell by Brillouin spectroscopy. The behavior of the elastic moduli indicates that the high-pressure phase transition in quartz is ferroelastic in nature and is driven by softening of C44 through one of the Born stability criteria. The trends in elastic moduli confirm theoretical predictions, but t...

Transformer insulating oil nanofluid is made to improve dielectric and thermal properties of the oil by employing nanoparticles with proper properties. In the current work, nanofluids based on transformer mineral oil were prepared by three procedures using diamond nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity, as well as high dielectric properties. It was tried to consider the impacts of surfact...

In this work a Fresnel lens array for Passive InfraRed (PIR) motion sensors was designed, fabricated and tested. The resulting spatial filtering lens array presents the capability of distinguishing the presence of humans from small pets. Such array designed to operate in the visible range of the spectrum was manufactured on a Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) thin film, using well-known microfabricatio...

Diamond, which has excellent physical properties, is attractive for use in industrial applications. Because diamond is rated the highest for hardness and heat conductivity among all known materials, it is widely used for products such as abrasive grains, cutting tools, and heatsinks. Diamond also exhibits excellent transparency even in the ultraviolet range and can be applied to optical tools. ...

This report describes the results of a number of different, but related, laser Raman studies on various CVD diamond samples. It attcmpts to show the versatility of Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for the quality of diamond films, by demonstrating its use in a few novel applications. The studies of the laser Raman spectra of amorphic diamond and CVD diamond films are performed using lase...

Characterization of Cu/diamond interface thermal conductance (hc) and an improved understanding of factors affecting it are important, as Cu-diamond composites are increasingly being considered for electronic packaging applications. In this study, ~90 nm thick Cu layer was deposited on synthetic as well as natural diamond substrates. In several specimens, a Ti-interface layer of thickness ≤ 3.5...

$+\beta(u)\ni f$ has a unique generalized or integral solution in $L^{1}$ when $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are maximal monotone graphs in $R$, each containing the origin, and at each point of their common domain either one of $\alpha$ or $\beta$ is single-valued. Weak Maximum and Comparison Principles follow from an $L^{\infty}$ estimate on the solution and from an $L^{1}$ estimate on the difference o...