The two-parameter logistic (2PL) item response model is likely the most frequently applied for analyzing dichotomous data. Linking errors quantify variability in means or standard deviations due to choice of items. Previous research presented analytical work linking one-parameter model. In this article, we present 2PL using general theory M-estimation. are derived case log-mean-mean two groups....

The aim was to apply the validated criteria and clinical parameters used by nurses in an algorithm support choice of bathing for patients with coronary artery disease. This is a methodological study quantitative approach develop decision making regarding It resulted 19 items suggested experts. Of these, after categorization, 21 were selected, organized format, dichotomous responses that suggest...

Dichotomous keys are the most popular type of identification keys. Studies have been conducted to evaluate dichotomous keys in many aspects. In this paper we propose an index for quantitative evaluation of dichotomous keys (Edicho). The index is based on the evenness and allows comparing identification keys of different sizes.

Mate choice decisions are central in sexual selection theory aimed to understand how sexual traits evolve and their role in evolutionary diversification. We test the hypothesis that brain size and cognitive ability are important for accurate assessment of partner quality and that variation in brain size and cognitive ability underlies variation in mate choice. We compared sexual preference in g...

Male and female interests can differ profoundly regarding quality and quantity of mates. Especially in promiscuous mating systems, males often inflict costs on females that may precipitate in negative fitness consequences. In reality, however, discerning between female costs arising from a sexual conflict and costs arising from female mate choice is not trivial. In livebearing fishes, for examp...

Many higher education institutions promote sustainability by instilling environmental awareness within college students, the innovators of future. As face budgetary constraints to achieve greener campuses, green fees have emerged as an alternative method for universities encourage student participation and overall campus sustainability. A fee is a mandatory that funds projects on typically mana...