Due to the rapid development of the global economy, fossil oil is widely used, leading to its depletion and gradual deterioration of the global environment, including global warming, the greenhouse effect, fog, and haze. Therefore, many researchers have been interested in studying alternative fuels in an attempt to develop an eco-friendly fuel to replace traditional fuel and solve the above env...

The co-processing of an unconventional type of Jatropha bio-oil with petroleum distillates over mesoporous alumina-supported CoMo and NiMo sulfide catalysts (denoted CoMo/γ-Al2O3 and NiMo/γ-Al2O3) was studied. Either a stainless-steel high-pressure batch-type reactor or an up-flow fixed-bed reaction system was used under severe reaction conditions (330–350 ◦C and 5–7 MPa), similar to the condit...

It is necessary to find a fuel source due to the heavy usage of natural resources. Developing countries have been trying various sources and methods to identify suitable alternative fuel for engines. This paper presents the utilization of Palm Oil Methyl Ester (POME) blends with diesel in Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) diesel engine. The performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel w...

background diesel oil hydrocarbons are the most common contaminants of our biological environment. considering the fact that iran is one of the major producers of diesel oil products, it greatly contributes to soil and water pollution. currently, soil and water pollutions caused by diesel oil products leakage, from distribution stations, is one of the major concerns in iran. based on the studie...

This paper applies the direct digital frequency synthesis technology (DDS) to build a controllable variable frequency and waveforms of the bio-diesel fuel phacoemulsification system. The optimal operating parameters of phacoemulsification system are studied by orthogonal experiment. In the experiment, the ultrasonic frequency, waveform, power and process time are changed to study the stability ...

The U.S. Department of Energy Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study examined the sources of uncertainties in using an organic compound-based chemical mass balance receptor model to quantify the contributions of spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engine exhaust to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This paper presents the chemical composition profiles of SI and CI engine exhaust fr...

Biodiesels, which are made from various crops, as well as animal fat, are renewable, bio-degradable, and non-toxic and are eco-friendly compared with fossil fuels. Currently, there are more than 350 oil-bearing crops identified as potential sources for biodiesel production. In this study, the potential of biodiesel obtained from a non-edible oil source (Moringa oleifera) was explored and compar...

Biodiesel is attracting increasing attention worldwide as a blending component or a direct replacement of petroleum diesel fuel in transport sector.The challenge to scientists and engineers is to identify appropriate feedstocks for biodiesel production. The majority of potential feedstocks are edible species which are at the centre of the “fuel versus food” debate. It is therefore imperative fo...

Transesterification of vegetable oils in supercritical methanol are carried out without using any catalyst. Methyl esters of vegetable oils or biodiesels have several outstanding advantages among other new-renewable and clean engine fuel alternatives and can be used in any diesel engine without modification. The most important variables affecting the methyl ester yield during the transesterific...

There is growing interest in biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester or FAME) because of the similarity in its properties when compared to those of diesel fuels. Diesel engines operated on biodiesel have lower emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and air toxics than when operated on petroleum-based diesel fuel. Production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from rap...