In this study, a real-time and dynamic time transfer method based on double-differenced (DD) kinematic (RTK) mode is proposed. First, the forms DD observations of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to fix ambiguity, then, all fixed single-differenced (SD) ambiguities are recovered while defining SD ambiguity datum; finally, uses realise by using ambiguities. Five different baseline links...

We study two estimators of the mean function of a counting process based on panel count data The setting for panel count data is one in which n independent subjects each with a counting process with common mean function are observed at several possibly di erent times during a study Following a model proposed by Schick and Yu we allow the number of observation times and the observation times the...

This paper considers the problem of identi…cation and estimation in panel-data sample-selection models with a binary selection rule when the latent equations contain possibly predetermined variables, lags of the dependent variables, and unobserved individual e¤ects. The selection equation contains lags of the dependent variables from both the latent and the selection equations as well as other ...

Weighting matrices are typically assumed to be exogenous. However, in many cases this exogeneity assumption may not be reasonable. In these cases, typical model specifications and corresponding estimation procedures will no longer be valid. In this paper we specify a spatial panel data model which contains a spatially lagged dependent variable in terms of an endogenous weighting matrix. We sugg...

This paper analyzes predictive regressions in a panel data setting. The standard …xed e¤ects estimator su¤ers from a small sample bias, which is the analogue of the Stambaugh bias in time-series predictive regressions. Monte Carlo evidence shows that the bias and resulting size distortions can be severe. A new bias-corrected estimator is proposed, which is shown to work well in …nite samples an...

This paper explores the link between foreign direct investment and trade in a panel of four countries that will accede to the European Union in 2004: Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. We augment standard demand-side export and import equations with a measure of FDI penetration. We compare results based on a panel mean-group estimator with a fixed-effects panel model that allows ...

This paper considers the problem of prediction in a panel data regression model with spatial autocorrelation. In particular, we consider a simple demand equation for cigarettes based on a panel of 46 states over the period 1963-1992. The spatial autocorrelation due to neighboring states and the individual heterogeneity across states is taken explicitly into account. We derive the best linear un...

The Canadian economy has been a net recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI). The free-trade agreements (FTA and NAFTA) have had to attract more inward FDI. This study examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) between Canada and EU15, Brazil and Japan in the period 1995-2007. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of variables, such as, market size, labour cos...

This chapter uses fully modified OLS principles to develop new methods for estimating and testing hypotheses for cointegrating vectors in dynamic panels in a manner that is consistent with the degree of cross sectional heterogeneity that has been permitted in recent panel unit root and panel cointegration studies. The asymptotic properties of various estimators are compared based on pooling alo...