In this work, 3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole (1) and 3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazole (2) were C-aminated and N-aminated using different amination agents, yielding their respective C-amino and N-amino products. All compounds were fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, 15N), IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). X-ray crystallographic measurements were performed and delivered insight into st...

A new cross-linkable monomer containing 1,3-diphenylethenylcarbazolyl-based hole-transporting moieties and four reactive epoxy groups, was prepared by a multistep synthesis route from 1,3-bis(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol and its application for the in situ formation of cross-linked hole transporting layers was investigated. A high concentration of flexible aliphatic epoxy chains ensure...

in this study, confined impinging liquid jets are used to produce nanoparticles of carbamazepine (cbz). the effect of operating parameters, such as the kind of solvent,cbz concentration, flow rate of solution and antisolvent on particle size, are experimentally investigated. the scanning electron micrograph (sem) photomicrographs show that nanodrug with smaller particle is achievable by using s...

The two most common methods of measuring the conformational stability of a protein are differential scanning calorimetry and an analysis of solvent denaturation curves by using the linear extrapolation method. In this article, we trace the history of the linear extrapolation method, review how the method is used to measure protein stability, and then discuss some of the other important uses.

A HBC derivative bearing six branched, space-demanding, alkyl side chains containing ether linkages has been synthesized and its thermotropic properties were investigated by polarization optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). To our surprise, this molecule can respond to electric fields, and the influences of alternating current (AC) and directing current (DC) ele...

The phase diagram of alpha -cyclodextrin/water/4-methylpyridine solutions, a system undergoing inverse melting, has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, rheological methods, and x-ray diffraction. Two different fluid phases separated by a solid region have been observed in the high alpha -cyclodextrin concentration range (c > or =150 mg/ml) . Decreasing c , the temperature interva...

To clarify mechanisms of folding and unfolding of proteins, many studies of thermal denaturation of proteins have been carried out at low protein concentrations because in many cases thermal denaturation accompanies a great tendency of aggregation. As small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements are liable to use low-concentration solutions of proteins to avoid aggregation, SAXS has been re...

Thermodynamic characterization of the activation domain of human procarboxypeptidase A2, ADA2h, and its helix-engineered mutants was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry. The mutants were engineered by changing residues in the exposed face of the two alpha helices in order to increase their stability. At neutral and alkaline pH the three mutants, alpha-helix 1 (M1), alpha-helix 2 (M...

The melting behavior of low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) fractions has been studied via generalized two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) correlation spectroscopy and a new stochastic-pulse-based temperature modulation differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique (TOPEM). 2D-IR correlation analysis of the melting of PEO shows that nu(s)(CH2) and gamma(a)(CH2) vary prior to nu(s)(...

Isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the crystallization kinetics of amorphous lactose at 3 moisture contents. Each sample was heated to several temperatures between Tg and Tm. After subtraction of an induction time, the Avrami equation was used to model the data and a Lauritzen-Hoffman like expression used to fit the crystallization rates between Tg and Tm. The ...