Abstract dialectical frameworks (ADFs) constitute a recent and powerful generalization of Dung’s argumentation frameworks (AFs), where the relationship between the arguments is specified via Boolean formulas. Recent results have shown that this enhancement comes with the price of higher complexity compared to AFs. In fact, acceptance problems in the world of ADFs can be hard even for the third ...

based on existence of the chromite deposits in the sistan and baluchestan province in iran, and also various applications of chromite in different industries, it is expected that the establishment of chromite processing plant is required in the erelong. the geographical location of a processing plant can have a strong influence on the success of an industrial venture. the processing plant site ...

A large hierarchy of the Dirac masses can result in a small hierarchy for the low energy masses of the active neutrinos. This can happen even if the Majorana masses of right-handed neutrinos are all equal. A realistic description of the observed neutrino masses and mixing can be obtained starting from a large hierarchy in the Dirac masses. A large mixing for solar neutrinos results from the neu...

One of challenges artificial intelligence as a whole is robustness. Many issues such adversarial examples, out distribution performance, Clever Hans phenomena, and the wider areas AI evaluation explainable AI, have to do with following question: Did system fail because it hard instance or something else? In this paper we address question generic method for estimating IRT-based difficulty wide r...

as we know, at the course of history of thought the definition of religion has been always a significant dilemma and each thinker or philosopher of religion had inclination to present an accurate definition of religion. in spite of these attempts, there has been no consentaneous definition of religion up to now. difficulty of the definition of religion has several reasons that in this article s...

Task difficulty across different macro-genres continues to remain among less attended areas in second language development studies. This study examined the correlation between task difficulty across the descriptive, narrative, argumentative, and expository macro-genres. The three components of task difficulty (i.e., code complexity, cognitive complexity, and communicative stress) were also comp...