Diffuse reflection of a narrow collimated light beam from a slab of a dense random medium is considered theoretically and experimentally for the case of the source and the detector fibres dipped into the random medium, as is the case for an endoscopic catheter. By use of the diffusion approximation, a simple and physically clear analytical expression is derived for the distribution of the diffu...

Giant radio halos are the most relevant examples of diffuse synchrotron emission from galaxy clusters. A number of these sources have very steep spectrum, with spectral index α ≥ 1.5 − 1.6 (F(ν) ∝ ν −α), and are ideal targets to test current models for the origin of the relativistic particles. A2256 hosts the nearest radio halo with very steep spectrum, with α = 1.61, and a very large populatio...

There is a growing body of evidence that models overestimate clear-sky downward shortwave surface irradiances (Charlock and Alberta 1996, Kato et al. 1997, Kinne et at. 1997, Wild et al. 1981). Kato et al. (1997) showed that their model, with the best available gaseous absorption cross section data, accurately computes direct irradiance provided that the model has as input accurate water vapor ...

The present report describes the clinical and pathological findings related to diffuse heterotopic hairs associated with pseudo-placentational endometrial hyperplasia in a canine uterus. Macroscopically, the uterus was intensely enlarged and thicker, and the endometrial surface was irregular and covered with black hairs similar to the hairs of the bitch. Histologically, heterotopic hairs associ...

How much does a single image reveal about the environment it was taken in? In this paper, we investigate how much of that information can be retrieved from a foreground object, combined with the background (i.e. the visible part of the environment). Assuming it is not perfectly diffuse, the foreground object acts as a complexly shaped and far-fromperfect mirror. An additional challenge is that ...

In this article we present the case of an epidermoid cyst of sublingual space along with submental extension in a 35 year old lady who presented with a mass in the oral cavity. On examination a mass was seen on the floor of the mouth displacing the tongue superiorly. Diffuse fullness was noted in the submental region. The lesion was excised under general anaesthesia with nasotracheal intubation...

Jong Kyu KIM, Hong LUO, Eric Fred SCHUBERT , Jaehee CHO, Cheolsoo SONE and Yongjo PARK Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, U.S.A. Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, U.S.A. Photonics Program Team, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 440-600,...

Deflectometry is a full-field gradient technique that lends itself very well to testing specular surfaces. It uses the geometry of specular reflection to determine the gradient of the surface under inspection. In consequence, a necessary precondition to apply deflectometry is the presence of at least partially specular reflection. Surfaces with larger roughness have increasingly diffuse reflect...