Strabismus can be found in association with congenital heart diseases, for examples, in velocardiofacial (DiGeorge) syndrome, Down syndrome, mild dysmorphic features, in CHARGE association, Turner syndrome, Ullrich-Turner syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome.1-4 Some types of strabismus is heritable (e.g. infantile esotropia syndrome), particularly the ones associated with multisystem disord...

The application of new knowledge on the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects has increased our understanding of associated, non-cardiac malformations seen in certain syndromes. Defects in the proliferation and migration of neural crest cells are thought to contribute to conotruncal defects. These are seen in association with conditions such as DiGeorge syndrome. CHARGE association, hemifaci...

To date, 11 cases with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome of failure to thrive and mental retardation, plus anomalies of the face, hands, feet, and genitalia have been reported (Smith, Lemli, and Opitz, 1964; Gibson, 1965; Blair and Martin, 1966; Dallaire and Fraser, 1966; Pinsky and DiGeorge, 1965). The purpose of this paper is to describe one more case which, in addition, presented evidence of an...

Neonatal subglottic stenosis still remains a substantial challenge for paediatric ENT surgeons. Herein, we present a case of a single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction for a glottic-subglottic stenosis in an 18-week-old, 7.2 kg infant with DiGeorge syndrome. Our surgical approach was compared with those reported in the literature. Paediatric airway surgery should be tailored to individual pa...

A 3-day-old infant investigated for cyanotic heart disease was found to have partial DiGeorge syndrome and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. The only source of pulmonary blood flow was a right-sided persistent ductus arteriosus which originated from an aberrant right subclavian artery. Such a vascular ring has not been described previously. Surgical treatment included a left-sid...