OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of Astragaloside IV in Huangqi (Radix Astragali Mongolici). METHODS Aticles focusing on Astragaloside IV in English and Chinese in databases were collected and reviewed in order to summarize the latest extraction separation, pharmacokinetics, and the pharmacological effects of astrageloside IV. RESULTS Protective effec...

*Department of Medicine and Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Internal Medicine, Washington niversity, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; The Bill and ¶ Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington; Division of Digestive Diseases an...

Background Smoking is globally the most important risk factor for health and a major factor of mortality. It is responsible for many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, digestive system, musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, coronary artery disease, vascular strokes, while destroying the immune system and increases the risk of infections. The aim of this study was to assess the eff...

Objective: The aim of this study was to discuss the indications and efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)/percutaneous radiologic gastrojejunostomy (PRGJ). Methods: A total of 104 PEG/PRGJ patients were divided into nervous system disease, digestive system tumor, non-digestive system tumor with eating difficulties, and other type of disease groups. We recorded the longest retain...