OBJECTIVE To evaluate the intraoperative use of mitomycin to improve the surgical outcome and reduce the rate of soft tissue restenosis in children undergoing choanal atresia repair. DESIGN Retrospective chart review of all patients surgically treated for congenital choanal atresia by the senior author (W.F.M). SETTING Tertiary children's hospital. PATIENTS Eight consecutive patients with...

OBJECTIVES The objective is to present clinical outcomes of subglottic and tracheal stenosis treated by flexible bronchoscopic delivery of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser via laryngeal mask airway (LMA). METHODS All consecutive, nontracheotomy dependent cases of subglottic and tracheal stenosis treated endoscopically over a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical approach consist...

For an $$n\times n$$ complex matrix C, the C-numerical range of a bounded linear operator T acting on Hilbert space dimension at least n is set numbers $$\textrm{tr}\,(CX\,^*\,TX)$$ , where X partial isometry satisfying $$X^*X = I_n$$ . It shown that $$\begin{aligned} \textbf{cl}(W_C(T)) \cap \{\textbf{cl}(W_C(U)): U \hbox { unitary dilation } T\} \end{aligned}$$ for any contraction if and only...