We describe the production and characterization of a form of nanostructured carbon consisting of fully connected, three-dimensional ~3D! sp networks. This form of carbon is characterized by interconnected thin layers forming a spongy structure with mesoand macroporosity. It is produced by a pulsed microplasma cluster source in the presence of a very low concentration of metallorganic catalyst. ...

The spatial dimensionality of the vocal fold vibration is a common challenge in creating parsimonious models of vocal fold vibration. The ideal model is one that is accurate, with the lowest possible computational expense. Inclusion of full 3D flow and structural vibration typically requires massive amounts of computation, whereas reduction of either the flow or the structure to two dimensions ...

Point, linear and areal elements, which are two-dimensional and of a graphic nature, are the morphological elements employed when designing tactile maps and symbols for visually impaired users. However, beyond the two-dimensional domain, there is a fourth group of elements – volumetric elements – which mapmakers do not take sufficiently into account when it comes to designing tactile maps and s...

Advances in catheter-based interventions in structural and congenital heart disease have mandated an increased demand for three-dimensional (3D) visualisation of complex cardiac anatomy. Despite progress in 3D imaging modalities, the pre- and periprocedural visualisation of spatial anatomy is relegated to two-dimensional flat screen representations. 3D printing is an evolving technology based o...

Recent advances in reproductive medicine have created a demand for more accurate and safe imaging modalities before assisted reproductive treatment(ART) (1). Gradually, the important role of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography in the diagnosis of uterine congenital anomalies has been proved (2-4).

The increasing use of three-dimensional modeling and digitization techniques in archaeology has raised questions about the digital rights management of the resulting 3D models. Curators of valuable artifacts and creators of 3D models may be reluctant to openly share the digital 3D representations due to fear of misuse or theft of their data and intellectual property. In order to address these c...

Research applications in chemoinformatics and toxicoinformatics increasingly use representations of molecules in the form of numerical descriptors that capture the structural characteristics and properties of molecules. These representations are useful for ADME/toxicity prediction, diversity analysis, library design, QSAR/QSPR, virtual screening, and other purposes. Molecular descriptors have r...

Changes in arterial wall composition and function underlie all forms of vascular disease. The fundamental structural and functional unit of the aortic wall is the medial lamellar unit (MLU). While the basic composition and organization of the MLU is known, three-dimensional (3D) microstructural details are tenuous, due (in part) to lack of three-dimensional data at micro- and nano-scales. We ap...

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) is a technology that creates three dimensional (3D) images of breast tissue. Tomosynthesis mammography detects lesions that are not detectable with other imaging systems. If image reconstruction time is in the order of seconds, we can use Tomosynthesis systems to perform Tomosynthesis-guided Interventional procedures. This research has been designed to study u...

A series of 42 Pyrazolo[4,3-h]quinazoline-3-carboxamides as multi-cyclin-dependent kinaseinhibitors regarded as promising antitumor agents to complement the existing therapies, wassubjected to a three-dimensional quantitative activity relationship (3D QSAR). Different QSARmethods, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), CoMFA region focusing, andcomparative molecular similarity indices an...