Central venous cannulation (CVC) traditionally has been guided by surface landmarks. There is a spectrum of established techniques and associated risks [1]. The rates of failure and complications vary from 10.1% to 19.4% and from 5.4% to 11.0%, respectively, depending on factors such as level of operator experience and type of lung ventilation [1]. A major reason for these observations is that ...

Medical ultrasound is an imaging technique that utilizes ultrasonic signals as information carriers, and has wide applications such as seeing internal body structures, finding a source of a disease, and examining pregnant women. The most commonly used ultrasonic transducer today is based on piezoelectricity. The piezoelectric transducer, however, may have a limited bandwidth and insufficient se...

In this paper we describe an approach to interactively render ultrasound images for a transesophageal echocardiogram procedure. Our prototype features an animated 3D model of a human heart that is used to synthesize virtual ultrasound images in real-time. The user can control the probe and interact with the simulator via a GUI or with a haptics device. The ultrasound plane is rendered in a clas...

Freehand three-dimensional ultrasound system allows intra-operative imaging of pathologic tissue for image-guided injection. Accurate registration of ultrasound image for injection navigation requires calibration that is timeconsuming and tedious. We present an efficient calibration system based on a clinical injector. The injector equipped with an optical tracking sensor is moved in the vicini...

Although intracoronary ultrasonography allows detailed tomographic imaging of the arterial wall, it fails to provide data on the structural architecture and longitudinal extent of arterial disease. This information is essential for decision making during therapeutic interventions. Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques offer visualization of the complex longitudinal architecture of atheros...

Although intracoronary ultrasonography allows detailed tomographic imaging of the arterial wall, it fails to provide data on the structural architecture and longitudinal extent of arterial disease. This information is essential for decision making during therapeutic interventions. Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques offer visualization of the complex longitudinal architecture of atheros...

Adenomyosis is an idiopathic and benign disease in which ectopic endometrial glands embedded deeply in myometrial smooth muscle with the compensatory hypertrophy of the myometrium surrounding the ectopic endometrium (1, 2). There is a correlation between depth of the infiltration and initial too high stage of adenomyosis. Lesions may characterize as a diffuse or focal lesions. The highest preva...

A new two-dimensional, real-time, high resolution ultrasound imaging system is described. This system uses a linear array of ultrasound transducers to generate tomographic images of the heart in a circular sector format. Phased array techniques allow rapid steering of the ultrasound beam so that images are produced at the rate of 20 per second, or more, while maintaining a resolution of 2-4 mm ...

Conventional beamforming used in pulse-echo ultrasound images results in an inherent blurring. This blurring limits the resolution, and hence the utility, of pulse-echo ultrasound in clinical applications. Ng et al. developed an expectationmaximisation algorithm to enhance blurred, two-dimensional RF ultrasound images. It is important that the algorithm is intialised well in order that converge...