These indicate that in crabs adapted to 850 mosmolal condition, the glutamate, proline and glycine oxidation rates are similar in terms of pmol consumed per unit time, although the lower number of C atoms in glycine means that it enables only 40% as much ADP to be phosphorylated to ATP as the other two amino acids do. When the salinity is decreased, however, the contribution of glycine C to COz...

The pomegranate seeds of four Iranian commercial varieties  (Abanmahi (AB), Malas (MS), Pust Sefid (PS) and Shahvar (SH)) were evaluated in terms of some quality properties including protein, oil, dietary fiber, mineral contents and fatty acid composition. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of pomegranate seed oils (PSOs) were also determined. The oil antioxidant activity was m...

Catechol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1), tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1), and laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) are copper-containing metalloenzymes. They oxidise substituted phenols and use molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor. Catechol oxidases and tyrosinases catalyse the oxidation of p-substituted o-diphenols to the corresponding o-quinones. Tyrosinases also catalyse the introduction of a hydroxyl group i...

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is predominately associated with the detrimental effect of browning fruit and vegetables, however, interest within PPO containing forage crops (crops to be fed to animals) has grown since the browning reaction was associated with reduced nitrogen (N) losses in silo and the rumen. The reduction in protein breakdown in silo of red clover (high PPO forage) increased the qu...

gen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1) is a copper-dependent protein widely distributed in nature. The enzyme catalyzes two different reactions: the hydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols (monophenolase activity) and the oxidation of odiphenols to o-quinones (diphenolase activity), both utilizing molecular oxygen. The enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables is mostly related to the oxidatio...

Haemolymph from late third-instar larvae of the blowflies Calliphora sp. (Karlson & Schweiger, 1961 ; Thomson & Sin, 1970) and Lucilia cuprina (Hackman & Goldberg, 1967) contains phenol oxidase in an inactive or proenzyme form. The anterior end of a late third-instar Sarcophaga larva was pricked with a fine pin and the haemolymph released (approx. 5 0 ~ 1 ) was collected in an ice-cold tube. By...

Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of milk is acknowledged to be of benefit to consumer health. Despite the high PUFA content of forages, milk fat contains only about 3% of PUFA and only about 0.5% of n-3 fatty acids. This is mainly due to intensive lipid metabolism in the rumen (lipolysis and biohydrogenation) and during conservation (lipolysis and oxidation) such as ...

The widespread belief that oxidative damage plays a major role in cancer, ageing, and in a number of chronic diseases has focused scienti®c and public attention on the possibility that antioxidants could prevent or at least retard these processes. Antioxidants are of two types: direct and indirect. Direct antioxidants [e.g. glutathione (GSH), tocopherols, ascorbic acid and carotenoids] are subs...

A coupled binuclear copper active site is present in a wide variety of proteins and enzymes which perform different biological functions utilizing 0,. In the multicopper oxidases, the Type 2 and Type 3 centers comprise a trinuclear Cu cluster which represents the active site for the multielectron reduction of 0,. A coupled binuclear copper active site is present in a wide variety of proteins an...

Introduction Laccase (benzenediol: oxygen: oxidoreductases, (EC. 1.10.3.2), phylogenitically old enzyme of oxidoreductase family and major secretome of many of the white rot fungi. They are capable of oxidizing diphenols, polyphenols, different substituted phenols, diamines, aromatic amines, benzenethiols, polyphenols and even some inorganic compounds (Bakkiyaraj et al., 2013). It has been wide...