I give a proof of the confluence of combinatory strong reduction that does not use the one of λ-calculus. I also give simple and direct proofs of a standardization theorem for this reduction and the strong normalization of simply typed terms.

Direct Combination (DC) is a new interaction principle with the capacity to reduce users' search, particularly when interactions involve more than one object or device. The principle applies to arbitrary combinations of physical objects, virtual objects, remote objects, and subparts of objects. In this paper we distinguish between several different ways in which Direct Combination can be used t...

Policy gradient algorithms are widely used in reinforcement learning problems with continuous action spaces, which update the policy parameters along the steepest direction of the expected return. However, large variance of policy gradient estimation often causes instability of policy update. In this paper, we propose to suppress the variance of gradient estimation by directly employing the var...

A technique is described for partially reorganizing the contents of disk storage so as to reduce the level of fragmentation. The method entails choosing that fraction of the contents which is estimated to have the greatest impact on the free space distribution, followed by the relocation of these data to more favorable locations, subject to the system integrity requirements .

It is well known that the problem of finding a Nash equilibrium for a bimatrix game (2-NASH) can be formulated as a linear complementarity problem (LCP). In addition, 2NASH belongs to the complexity class PPAD (Polynomialtime Parity Argument Directed). Based on the close connection between the graph associated with the Lemke algorithm, a vertex following algorithm for LCP, and the graph used to...

Brushless DC motor has a rotor with permanent magnet and has no mechanical commutator which leads to many advantages like less maintenance, long life, high reliability, low inertia, low friction and low noise. Since the brush system/commutator assembly is replaced by an electronic controller which can be easily integrated into other required electronics, thereby improving the effective power to...

In this paper we consider an asynchronous direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) communication system over an AWGN channel. We are interested in reducing the computational complexity of a receiver by lowering the dimensionality of the received vector. Dimension reduction has previously been done in an ad hoc manner by several researchers. In this paper we derive an optimum form...

Due to the abundance of the non-coking coal and limitations as well as the high costs of the natural gas, the present study examined the direct reduction of hematite (iron oxide) ore in the temperature range of 800-1000 °C by the non-coking coal volatiles. Approximately, 74.9% of the total amounts of volatiles and gases exit the coal up to 800°C. The onset temperature to exit volatiles from the...

Iron reduction in marine sulfitic environments may occur via a mechanism involving direct bacterial reduction with the use of hydrogen as an electron donor, direct bacterial reduction involving carbon turnover, or by indirect reduction where sulfide acts to reduce iron. In the presented experiments, the relative importance of direct and indirect mechanisms of iron reduction, and the contributio...

A direct method to construct 2-oxazolines and 2-thiazolines from corresponding allylic amides and thioamides is reported. The redox-neutral intramolecular hydrofunctionalization is enabled by a dual catalyst system comprised of 9-mesityl-N-methyl acridinium tetrafluoroborate and phenyl disulphide and exhibits complete selectivity for the anti-Markovnikov regioisomeric products. The cyclization ...