Law is seen to have several qualities, including conflict, conflict-freeness, clarity, directness, and absence of ambiguity. Such a measure also anticipated receive legislative approval. However, the legislation must be construed without aforementioned qualities. The courts, Parliament, Guardian Council are, respectively, competent authorities for interpretation in settling litigation, ordinary...

There currently are several views on human computer interaction in measuring interactive qualities of usability attributes: (1) the interaction-oriented view, (2) the user-oriented view, (3) the product-oriented view and (4) the formal view. Two different possibilities of measurement within the product-oriented view are introduced in this paper. Different types of user interfaces can be describ...

Knowledge-based learning environments provide an ideal testbed for developing and evaluating computational models of mixed initiative interaction. In each problem-solving episode, learners incrementally develop solutions for problems posed by the environment. To maximize learning e ectiveness and learning e ciency, we have been developing animated pedagogical agents that dynamically provide exp...

The non-deictic that is known to be a non-obligatory element and thus is said to be often deleted. This does not imply it does not have any semantic value; on the contrary, the nondeictic that may indicate the speaker's attitude or his/her vantage point. This function is derived from the function of the demonstrative that and from the iconicity generated by its phonological shape. The non-deict...

Primary Objective: Compare the effects of written landmark, cardinal, and left/right street directions on navigational success at the beginning of a walking route. Research Design: Matched control group comparison design Methods & Procedures: We compared navigational performance of 18 adults with acquired brain injury (ABI) to controls matched for gender, age, and education. Participants follow...

The synthesis of multifunctional indenes with at least two different functional groups has not yet been extensively explored. Among the plausible synthetic routes to 3,5-disubstituted indenes bearing two different functional groups, such as the [3-(aminoethyl)inden-5-yl)]amines, a reasonable pathway involves the (5-nitro-3-indenyl)acetamides as key intermediates. Although several multistep synt...

This article examines how parents and pediatricians negotiate antibiotic prescribing decisions in cases where parents overtly advocate this medication. Using the methodology of conversation analysis, this paper examines audio and videotaped acute care pediatric encounters and discusses four primary ways in which parents raise antibiotics in pediatric encounters. These formulations vary in their...

Multitouch input devices afford effective solutions for 6DOF (six Degrees of Freedom) manipulation of 3D objects. Mainly focusing on large-size multitouch screens, existing solutions typically require at least three fingers and bimanual interaction for full 6DOF manipulation. However, single-hand, two-finger operations are preferred especially for portable multitouch devices (e.g., popular smar...

Several views on man-machine interaction are possible to measure usability attributes: (1) the interaction-oriented view, (2) the user-oriented view, (3) the product-oriented view and (4) the formal view. Two different possibilities of measurement within the product-oriented view are introduced in this paper. Different types of user interfaces can be described and differentiated by the concept ...

OBJECTIVE To assess hearing results following primary stapes surgery in patients with otosclerosis, comparing local and general anesthesia. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Scopus. REVIEW METHODS A systematic search was conducted, followed by assessment of directness of evidence and risk of bias. Studies reporting original data on the effect of local anesthesia...