Relay attacks pose a significant threat against communicating devices that are required to operate within a short-distance from each other and a restricted time frame. In the field of smart cards, distance bounding protocols have been proposed as an effective countermeasure, whereas, in the field of smartphones, many proposals suggest the use of (natural) ambient sensing as an effective alterna...

Many ad hoc routing algorithms rely on broadcast flooding for location discovery or more generally for secure routing applications, particularly when dealing with Byzantine threats. Flooding is a robust algorithm but, because of its extreme redundancy, it is impractical in dense networks. Indeed in large wireless networks, the use of flooding algorithms may lead to a broadcast storm in which th...

For the high end-to-end channel capacity, the amplify-and-forward scheme multiple-hop MIMO relays system is considered. The distance between each transceiver is optimized to prevent some relays from being the bottleneck and guarantee the high end-to-end channel capacity. However, in some cases, the location of relays can’t be set at the desired location, the transmit power of each relay should ...

This paper presents a distance protection test procedure by applying the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) of a power system. RTDS is a tool to design, develop, and test power-system protection. The RTDS enables real-time computation of electromagnetic phenomena with a calculation time step of even 50μs. The hardware allows the import and export of many signals from the simulator to an ext...

Nature uses peptide aggregates as soft materials for electron transfer over long distances. These reactions occur in a multistep hopping reaction with various functional groups as relay stations that are located in the side chain and in the backbone of the peptides.

This thesis explores the optimal node placement for linear Gaussian multiple relay networks of an arbitrary size and with one source-destination pair. Consider the model that signal attenuation grows in magnitude as 1 dδ with distance d in the low attenuation regime (path loss exponent δ < 3/2). Under the condition that the minimum achievable rate from source to destination is maintained, we de...

This paper presents a study of the performance of numerical distance relay for a 400 kV electrical transmission line compensated by series Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) i.e. Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is connected in the middle of the transmission line and can be used in voltage mode control or reactive power injection mode, and damping of power system oscillations i...

This paper concerns two-hop communication over relay-assisted Block fading channel. It is assumed there is not a direct link between the transmitter and the affiliated destination and the communication occurs in two hops through the use of a relay, where the amplify and forward (AF) strategy is employed at this node. In this case, in a Rayleigh block fading channel, the optimal weight function ...

Cooperative relaying is one of the promising technology which is used to improve coverage and spatial diversity. A new relay strategy, the N Best-Relay Selection scheme is proposed to improve the bandwidth penalty and to increase the spatial diversity by using a sub-optimal allocation for the relay relative distance between the source and destination in a multi-hop cooperative systems. A single...