We have developed a terahertz absorption spectrometer suitable for strongly absorbing liquids such as water, and have precisely measured the absorption spectrum of water between 0.3 and 3.72 THz (10-124 cm(-1)). We have also examined the absorption spectra of aqueous 50 mM potassium phosphate buffers at pH 3 and 8, and find that they do not differ significantly from pure distilled de-ionized wa...

INTRODUCTION Open fractures are widely considered as orthopaedic emergencies requiring immediate intervention. The initial management of these injuries usually affects the ultimate outcome because open fractures may be associated with significant morbidity. Wound irrigation forms one of the pivotal principles in the treatment of open fractures. The choice of irrigation fluid has since been a so...

Paraffin sections were deparaffinized and hydrated to distilled water, then placed in 20% silver nitrate and kept in 60°C for 15 minutes, then rinsed in distilled water. Then sections were treated with formalin solution containing ammoniacal silver solution for about 15 min, followed by rinsing and placing tissue in sodium thiosulfate solution for 2 minutes and washing in tap water. The section...

Road deicing salts are widely used during winter in northern China, which makes it essential to choose proper salt-tolerant plant species urban landscapes. Columbine (Aquilegia) is a herb with high ornamental and commercial values. This study evaluated three Aquilegia (A. oxysepala, A. parviflora, viridiflora) for salt tolerance by monitoring their germination state under different electrical c...

The observation was made in certain controlled nutrient solution studies with sugar beet and barley, that toxicity was associated with the supply of distilled water. The toxic element was referred to copper. The condition arose from storage of the distilled water in tin-lined copper tanks in which areas of exposed copper were evident. Direct analysis, by the colorimetric sodium diethyldithiocar...

The Essen site has been chosen as an alternative site for nuclear waste disposal in Belgium. The soil formation involved at this site is the same as at Mol site: Boom clay. However, owing to its geographical situation closer to the sea, Boom clay at Essen presents a pore water salinity 4-5 times higher than Boom clay at Mol. This study aims at studying the effects of pore water salinity on the ...

Diets high in sucrose or fructose have been shown by others to induce a modest elevation of blood pressure in rats. The present experiments were conducted to determine whether the sucrose-induced increase of blood pressure is dependent on the intake of sodium chloride. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied: 1) a group maintained on a low salt diet and distilled water (0.45% sodium chl...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tensile bond strength to dentin of three self-etching adhesive systems at refrigerated and room temperatures. Seventy-eight bovine incisors were embedded in self-cured acrylic resin, abraded on a water-cooled lathe and polished with 400- and 600-grit sandpapers to obtain standard dentin surfaces. The specimens were randomly assigned to 6 groups (...

AIM To evaluate the influence of calcium hydroxide (CH) paste used as intracanal medication on the bond strength of AH Plus (AH) and Epiphany (EP) sealers to root dentin. METHODOLOGY Sixty palatal canals were prepared in human maxillary first molars, using a rotary system. Half of the specimens received distilled water, and the other ones received intracanal medication with CH for 14 days. Th...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate comparatively the shear bond strength (SBS) of etch-and-rinse (Adper Scotch Bond Multi Purpose--ASBMP and Adper Single Bond 2--ASB2) and self-etching (AdheSe--AD and Adper Prompt--AP) adhesive systems after short- and long-term water storage. Eighty bovine teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=20, 10 teeth for 24 h and 10 for 6 months). After surf...