We evaluated a novel strategy for fast diagnosis by microchip electrophoresis (ME), using programmed field strength gradients (PFSG) in a conventional glass double-T microfluidic chip. The ME-PFSG allows for the ultrafast separation and enhanced resolving power for target DNA fragments. These results are based on electric field strength gradients (FSG) that use an ME separation step in a sievin...

Background: Zearalenone (ZEA) is known as a nonsteroidal oestrogenic mycotoxin produced by different species of Fusarium fungi. ZEA is known for its competitive effects with the natural 17-β estradiol to bind with the specific binding sites of the estrogen receptors (Ers). On the other hand, the cyclin family (especially cyclin D1) and E2F1 genes are the checkpoint genes involved in cell cycle....

We investigate the localization property of an electron in the disordered two-chain system (ladder model) with long-range correlation as a simple model for electronic property in DNA sequence. The chains are constructed by repetition of the sugarphosphate sites, and the inter-chain hopping at the sugar sites come from nucleotide pairs, i.e., A− T or G−C pairs. It has been found that some DNA se...

This work describes the application of a pressure-enhanced liquid chromatography (PE-LC) setup to tune separation various large molecules comprised nucleic acids (oligonucleotides, messenger ribonucleic acid [mRNA], and deoxyribonucleic [DNA]). When adding pressure as method development parameter, it indeed becomes possible modify retention, selectivity, peak width. As an example, oligonucleoti...

We study theoretically the mechanical failure of a simple model of double-stranded DNA under an applied shear. Starting from a more microscopic Hamiltonian that describes a sheared DNA, we arrive at a nonlinear generalization of a ladder model of shear unzipping proposed earlier by deGennes [de Gennes, P. G. C. R. Acad. Sci., Ser. IV: Phys., Astrophys. 2001, 1505]. Using this model and a combin...

Apoptosis induced in human leukemic cells (promyelocytic human leukemic cells HL-60, multidrug-resistant subline HL-60/VCR) and human ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780 and multidrug-resistant subline A2780/ADR) in vitro was detected by flow cytometric analysis or DNA electrophoresis. The cytofluorometric techniques utilized, i. e. detection of phosphatidylserine exposed at the outer surface of the...

Classical apoptotic cell death can be defined by certain morphological and biochemical characteristics that distinguish it from other forms of cell death. One such feature, which is a hallmark of apoptosis, is DNA fragmentation. In dying cells, DNA is cleaved by an endonuclease that fragments the chromatin into nucleosomal units, which are multiples of about 180-bp oligomers and appear as a DNA...

A differential poset is a partially ordered set with raising and lowering operators U and D which satisfy the commutation relation DU−UD = rI for some constant r. This notion may be generalized to deal with the case in which there exist sequences of constants {qn}n≥0 and {rn}n≥0 such that for any poset element x of rank n, DU(x) = qnUD(x)+rnx. Here, we introduce natural raising and lowering ope...

A link between matroid theory and p-branes is discussed. The Schild type action for p-branes and matroid bundle notion provide the two central structures for such a link. We use such a connection to bring the duality concept in matroid theory to p-branes physics. Our analysis may be of particular interest in M-theory and in matroid bundle theory.

A graph G∗ is 1-edge fault-tolerant with respect to a graph G, denoted by 1-EFT(G), if every graph obtained by removing any edge from G∗ contains G. A 1-EFT(G) graph is optimal if it contains the minimum number of edges among all 1-EFT(G) graphs. The kth ladder graph, Lk , is defined to be the cartesian product of the Pk and P2 where Pn is the n-vertex path graph. In this paper, we present seve...