The term HLA refers to the Human Leukocyte Antigen System, which is controlled by genes on the short arm of chromosome six. The HLA loci are part of the genetic region known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The MHC has genes (including HLA) that form part of the normal function of the immune response. The essential role of the HLA antigens lies in the control of self-recognition a...

For the 22nd KIR Exchange, 4 DNA samples (KDNA#85-88) were shipped to each laboratory on March 10, 2010. Fifty-nine laboratories submitted their KIR typing results. The majority of the laboratories used either commercial or in-house developed sequence-specific primer (SSP) based PCR typing systems, and others used sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing (SSOP) method. The results for the 22nd...

In the present study we used a simple and reliable method for HLA-DQA1 allele typing based on the single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) properties of DNA molecules obtained by PCR. The technique consists of PCR amplification of a DNA fragment comprising the second exon of the HLA-DQA1 gene, amplicon denaturation using a low ionic strength solution (LIS), and electrophoresis on a smal...

A pathogenic yeast Candida albicans is one of the most frequently isolated microorganisms in patients suffering from opportunistic infection. The typing of the isolates is important not only to elucidate the route of infection but to explore the evolution of the pathogenic yeast. This article presents an overview of recent research on the strain typing in different populations of C. albicans us...

A sensitive method of HLA-DRB1 typing was devised using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis (semi-nested PCR-RFLP method). The first-round amplification (30 cycles) of the semi-nested PCR was performed using DRB generic primer pairs and the second round of PCRs (20 cycles) were performed using DRB1 group-specific p...

This study evaluates the effectiveness of three different molecular techniques, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) and the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) for rapid typing of Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida strains isolated from different species of marine fish and geographic areas. The resu...

OBJECTIVE To devise a new and simple technique to help select normal embryos that are human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched to their affected siblings for diseases, such as beta-thalassemia or sickle cell anemia, which are common in this part of the world. METHODS This study was conducted between March 2008 and April 2011 at the preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Laboratory, Saad Specialist Ho...

For the 23rd KIR Exchange, 4 DNA samples (KDNA#89-92) were shipped to each laboratory on August 4, 2010. Sixty-one laboratories submitted their KIR typing results. The majority of the laboratories used either commercial or in-house developed sequence-specific primer (SSP) based PCR typing systems, and others used sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing (SSOP) method. The results for the 23rd ...

It has been 20 years since the first development of DNA fingerprinting and the start of forensic DNA typing. Ever since, human tandem repeat DNA sequences have been the main targets for forensic DNA analysis. These repeat sequences are classified into minisatellites (or VNTRs) and microsatellites (or STRs). In this brief review, we discuss the historical and current forensic applications of suc...

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are important biomarkers because multiple diseases, drug toxicity, and vaccine responses reveal strong HLA associations. Current clinical HLA typing is an elimination process requiring serial testing. We present an alternative in situ synthesized DNA-based microarray method that contains hundreds of thousands of probes representing a complete overlapping set cover...