The binding of SCNwith bovine plasma albumin has been studied at 4” by equilibrium dialysis in ethylenediaminetetraacetate and N-(carboxymethyl)-N’,-Z-hydroxyethylN, N’-ethylenediglycine solutions. These two supporting electrolytes were used to minimize Donnan effects. At low ionic strengths (0 to 0.04), the association constants of SCNwere found to increase with decreasing concentrations of su...

The conventional Gibbs energy minimization methods apply elemental amounts of system components as conservation constraints in the form of a stoichiometric conservation matrix. The linear constraints designate the limitations set on the components described by the system constituents. The equilibrium chemical potentials of the constituents are obtained as a linear combination of the component-s...

The swelling behavior of acrylamide (AAm)–based polyampholyte hydrogels in water and in aqueous salt (NaCl) solutions was investigated. [(Methacrylamido)propyl]trimethyl-ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) and acrylic acid (AAc) were used as the ionic comonomer in the hydrogel preparation. Three sets of hydrogels containing 70 mol% AAm and 30 mol% ionic comonomers of varying mole ratios were prepared. T...

Muscle fibers from the giant barnacle, Balanus nubilus, were placed inside the lumen of a porous glass capillary and equilibrated for 48 h in an electrolyte solution containing 2% Tween. The glass capillary prevented the chemically "skinned" fiber from swelling with a water content beyond 80%. Isotope exchange studies using 22Na, 42K, and 36Cl indicated the existence of an intermediate rate con...

A methodology is presented for calculating of the surface potential, Donnan potential, and ion concentration profiles for semipermeable microbial membranes that is valid for an arbitrary electrolyte composition. This model for surface potential, Donnan potential, and charge density was applied to recently reported experimental data for gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus brevis, Rhodococ...

In capacitive deionization (CDI) water is desalinated by applying an electrical field between two porous electrodes placed on either side of a spacer channel that transports the aqueous solution. In this work we investigate the equilibrium salt adsorption and the dynamic development of the effluent salt concentration in time, both as function of spacer and electrode thicknesses. The electrode t...

We used a combined ion pairing - organic matter speciation model (NICA-Donnan) to predict the complexation of iron (Fe) at ambient pH and temperature in Celtic Sea. optimized our by direct comparison with Fe determined Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry using added Fe-binding ligand 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (HNN) presence absence natural matter. compared simulated titrations obtained via app...

Membrane potential of native isolated pepper cuticles were measured with NaCl and CaCl2 solutions for a wide range of concentrations (10BC(M)B10). From membrane potential results the fixed charge concentration, X, and the transport number of the ions in the cuticular membrane were obtained. Taking into account the X value, an estimation of the Donnan potential contribution to the membrane poten...