There is controversy in the literature regarding a number of topics related to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to answer the following questions: 1) Bone-patellar tendon-bone reconstruction (BPTB-R) or hamstrimg reconstruction (H-R); 2) Double bundle or single bundle; 3) Allograft or authograft; 4) Early or late reconstruction; 5) Rate of return t...

To date, there is no consensus on the best technique to repair injured posterolateral structures of the knee. We evaluated the effects of a fibular head based isometric reconstruction of the posterolateral knee corner with a double bundle semitendinosus tendon. From February 2001 to February 2005, 18 isometric reconstructions of a chronic posterolateral corner (PLC) injury of the knee were perf...

The purpose of the study was to explain the architecture of the posterior cruciate ligament because the views on its structure presented in the literature are inconsistent - from those considering it as indivisible to those presenting it as a multifascicular structure. Twenty formalin-fixed ligaments from human knee joints were tested using the preparation technique. All posterior cruciate liga...

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is recognized as an essential stabilizer of the knee. However, the complexity of the ligament has generated controversy about its definitive role and the recommended treatment after injury. A proper understanding of the functional role of the PCL is necessary to minimize residual instability, osteoarthritic progression, and failure of additional concomitant...

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is an accepted and established surgical technique for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and is now being practiced across the globe in increasing numbers. Although most patients get good to excellent results in the short-term after ACLR, its consequences in the long-term in prevention or acceleration of knee osteoarthritis (OA) are not ye...

BACKGROUND This study evaluated the clinical results of arthroscopically assisted single and double bundle tibial inlay reconstructions of an isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury. METHODS This study reviewed the data for 14 patients who underwent a single bundle tibial inlay PCL reconstruction (Group A) and 16 patients who underwent a double bundle tibial inlay PCL reconstruction...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the surgical aspects that may offer good anatomic and functional results in posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using an autologous graft of the quadriceps tendon and double semitendinosus through a double femoral tunnel. METHODS Fourteen patients with isolated PCL lesions, instability and pain were operated on by arthroscopy and evaluated according to the I...