Band calculations on HgBa2CuO4 and La(2−x)SrxCuO4 with phonon and spin-waves within the CuO planes show that partial gaps are created at various energies depending on wavelengths. Spin and phonon gaps appear at different energies when the modulations are along [1,1,0], while they are at the same energy for modulations along [1,0,0]. It is shown that the ability to form gaps and antiferromagneti...

Multiphysics and multiscale simulation systems share a common software requirement—infrastructure to implement data exchanges between their constituent parts—often called the coupling problem. On distributed-memory parallel platforms, the coupling problem is complicated by the need to describe, transfer, and transform distributed data—known as the parallel coupling problem. Parallel coupling is...

If massless leptonic photons associated to electron, muon or tau leptonic number exist they would have been emitted from supernova 1987a via the annihilation process νν → γ l γ l. By requiring that this process does not carry away most of the energy that can be radiated by the supernova we obtain an upper limit on the leptonic photon coupling constants, α l < 5.4 × 10 −11. Under certain assumpt...

All reagents were purchased from Aldrich, AlfaAesar, Sino Biologial Inc or Lumiprobe and were used as received. Where described below Pet. refers to petroleum ether (40–60 °C). All reactions were monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on pre-coated SIL G/UV254 silica gel plates (254 m) purchased from VWR. Flash column chromatography was carried out with Kiesegel 60M 0.04/0.063 mm (200–40...

The charged lepton mass formula can be explained when the masses are propotinal to the squared vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of scalar fields. We introduce U(3) flavor symmetry and its nonet scalar field Φ, whose VEV structure plays an essential role for generating the fermion mass spectrum. We can naturally obtain bilinear form of the Yukawa coupling Yij ∝ ∑ k〈Φik〉〈Φkj〉 without the non-reno...

By means of sequential and cotunneling spectroscopy, we study the tunnel couplings between metallic leads and individual levels in a carbon nanotube quantum dot. The levels are ordered in shells consisting of two doublets with strong- and weak-tunnel couplings, leading to gate-dependent level renormalization. By comparison to a one- and two-shell model, this is shown to be a consequence of diso...

Au nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on a substrate function as ring shaped colloidal shadow masks. Using e-beam evaporation of gold, nanometer sized gaps are formed as a result. The size of these gaps can be accurately tuned by controlling the thickness of the gold deposition, thereby tuning the plasmonic coupling of the NPs with the substrate. The clean cavity produced between the Au NPs and the ...

The hypothesis is explored that fermion rest mass is due entirely to self-interaction via virtual excitation of gauge bosons. This requires revising the standard model to treat both chiral projections of a fermion field as SU(2) doublets, which precludes Yukawa coupling to a scalar (Higgs) boson field. The estimated self-interaction mass of the electron neutrino is 0.291× 10−5me. The implied se...