A transfer guard built on a high-assurance multilevel secure (MLS) trusted computing base (TCB) must be a trusted subject with the capability to perform downgrades not otherwise permitted by the MLS security policy. Formal evaluations of MLS systems containing trusted subjects are complicated when the trusted subjects are evaluated as part of a monolithic TCB. While welldeveloped techniques of ...

Five existing LVQ algorithms are reviewed. The Premature Clustering Phenomenon, which downgrades the performance of LVQ is explained. By introducing and applying the “equalizing factor” as a remedy for the premature clustering phenomenon a breakthrough is achieved in improving the performance of the LVQ network, and its performance becomes competitive with that of the best known classi6ers. For...

Enthusiasm for ‘greening the financial system’ is welcome, but a fundamental challenge remains: decision makers lack necessary information. It not enough to know that climate change bad. Markets need credible, digestible information on how translates into material risks. To bridge gap between science and real-world indicators, we simulate effect of sovereign credit ratings 108 countries, creati...

The Notch signaling pathway orchestrates cell fate by either inducing cell differentiation or maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. This study aims to evaluate Notch expression and function in normal human keratinocytes. Notch1 is expressed in all epidermal layers, though to a different degree of intensity, with a dramatic decrease during ageing. Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) le...

In credit modeling, default intensity is known to depend on rating history-specific factors, notably credit rating, but variation in aggregate default rates over time presumably also reflects changes in general economic conditions. We fit Cox intensity models for defaults, as well as for major upgrades and downgrades in credit rating, with both rating history-specific factors and a broad range ...

Finding the skyline in a multi-dimensional space is relevant to a wide range of applications. The skyline operator over a set of d-dimensional points selects the points that are not dominated by any other point on all dimensions. Therefore, it provides a minimal set of candidates for the users to make their personal trade-off among all optimal solutions. The existing algorithms establish both t...

Regulators’ interest in analyst recommendations stems from the belief that small investors are unaware of the conflicts sell-side analysts face and may, as a consequence, be misled into making suboptimal investment decisions. We examine who trades on security analyst stock recommendations by extending prior research to focus on investor-specific responses to revisions. We find that both large a...

We examine over 7,400 analyst recommendations for IPO firms during 1999-2000. We find that initiations at the end of the quiet period come almost exclusively from the analysts of managing underwriters while initiations afterwards are predominantly from unaffiliated analysts. Once we control for the effect of quiet period versus later initiations, we find little evidence of a distinction between...

Disjunction Category Labels (DC-labels) are an expressive label format used to classify the sensitivity of data in information-flow control systems. DC-labels use capability-like privileges to downgrade information. Inappropriate use of privileges can compromise security, but DC-labels provide no mechanism to ensure appropriate use. We extend DC-labels with the novel notions of bounded privileg...

This paper presents strong evidence of bond market efficiency with special emphasis on establishing parameters for conducting corporate bond market specific analysis. While retail trades display quick reactions to firm specific information, institutional ones react within the shortest time horizons considered (5 minutes). Speed of adjustment tests indicate that corporate bond trades often fully...