Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has been increasingly reported as an alternative to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Moreover, conversion to EUS-BD can be a good alternative when transpapillary biliary drainage is technically possible but complicated by cholangitis because EUS-BD enables one-step internal...

Coal seam gas drainage is affected by many factors which may be generally divided into two groups, geological factors and operational factors. Studies conducted in the Bulli seam found geological factors had a dominant impact on coal seam gas drainage while operational factors had a secondary impact, affecting the amount of optimum gas drainage performance achieved within the limitations impose...

During the last decade, great progress has been made in minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. For pancreatic pseudocysts (PPCs), endoscopic drainage has become the first-line therapeutic option. Recent advances in therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-related techniques have focused on EUS-guided transmural drainage, which is now replacing the conventional endoscopy-guided transmural drai...

The experimental study and modeling of gravity drainage during Water Alternative Gas Injection, WAG process, in carbonate rock for one of the Iranian off-shore reservoir at lab-scale were carried out. The mechanism of gravity drainage during the WAG process, and its contribution to the oil recovery in the fract...

OBJECTIVE To compare the therapeutic effects between drainage blood reinfusion and temporary clamping drainage after total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to provide a basis for clinical practice. METHODS Data from 83 patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty were retrospectively analyzed. The 83 patients were divided into a drainage blood r...

Across Africa, perennial drainage density as a function of mean annual rainfall defines three regimes separated by threshold values of precipitation. This nonlinear response of drainage to rainfall will most seriously affect regions in the intermediate, unstable regime. A 10% decrease in precipitation in regions on the upper regime boundary (1000 millimeters per year) would reduce drainage by 1...

OBJECTIVE We performed this study to investigate whether the use of closed-suction drainage following microvascular decompression (MVD) causes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. METHODS Between 2004 and 2011, a total of 157 patients with neurovascular compression were treated with MVD. MVD was performed for hemifacial spasm in 150 (95.5%) cases and for trigeminal neuralgia in 7 (4.5%) cases. ...

Subsurface drainage involves both intensity and capacity attributes. Intensity of subsurface drainage refers to how rapidly a root zone drains. Capacity, on the other hand, refers to the extent of excess (gravitational) water removal from the root zone. Consequently, discussions of putting green drainage often become confused since the expression improved drainage can imply improved drainage ca...

Purpose. The carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal arteriovenous communication and its drainage pathways may affect the clinic presentation and change treatment approach. We evaluated drainage patterns of CCFs by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and categorized drainage pathways according to their types and etiology. Materials and Methods. Venous drainage patterns of 13 CCFs from ...