The major attack on wireless sensor network is Denial–of-service (DoS). DoS attacks like packet dropping, collisions, interference, false route, flooding and buffer overload can destroy the network. One of the most important factors of DoS attacks is packet dropping. Packet dropping means drop packets to interrupt the packet transmission process which make the communication diminish. This paper...

active queue management (aqm) plays an important role in the internet congestion control. it tries to enhance congestion control, and to achieve tradeoff between bottleneck utilization and delay. random early detection (red) is the most popular active queue management algorithm that has been implemented in the in internet routers and is trying to supply low delay and low packet loss. red algori...

The academic performance of students in grades 9-12 who did or did not participate in high school sports in Kansas during the 2008-2009 school year was analyzed. In addition to overall comparisons between athletes and non-athletes on GPAs, graduation rates, number of dropouts, ACT test scores, and state assessments, some gender, ethnicity, and grade comparisons were made. High school athletes e...

The Code Division Multiple Access system with Time Division Duplex mode (TDD-CDMA), adopting unbalanced slot allocation between uplink and downlink, can meet the asymmetric traffic requirement of multimedia services. Here a call admission control policy is proposed to support different multimedia applications. The scheme operates at the connection-level where the CDMA code of ongoing call can b...

Recently, a number of Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms, such as REM and GREEN, have been proposed which reduce the packet queueing backlog and hence reduce the network’s latency close to the propagation delay. This paper uncovers a fundamental problem that a low latency TCP/IP network faces. We call this problem the “low latency efficiency collapse”. With Explicit Congestion Notificatio...

This paper presents a hardware based cache scheme to detect selfish nodes in mobile ad hoc network. In this scheme, the hardware monitors the activities of the upperlayer software and reports the misbehavior about the software to other mobile nodes in the network. The hardware cache stores the identity information of recently received packets. The detection mechanism uses the cache to tell the ...

To solve the parameter sensitive issue of the traditional RED (random early detection) algorithm, an adaptive buffer management algorithm called PAFD (packet adaptive fair dropping) is proposed. This algorithm supports DiffServ (differentiated services) model of QoS (quality of service). In this algorithm, both of fairness and throughput are considered. The smooth buffer occupancy rate function...

Missing outcome data constitute a serious threat to the validity and precision of inferences from randomized controlled trials. In this paper, we propose the use of a multistate Markov model for the analysis of incomplete individual patient data for a dichotomous outcome reported over a period of time. The model accounts for patients dropping out of the study and also for patients relapsing. Th...