Article type: Case report Recently, there have been more reports of cardiac valve infections due to the increasing number of intravenous (IV) drug abusers and chronic renal failure patients. Among cardiac valves, tricuspid valve is most commonly affected in the course of endocarditis. Appropriate management of these patients is a challenging and controversial issue in the field of cardiac surge...

The current study utilized a sample of 123 inner-city drug users in residential treatment, comparing sexual risk behavior (SRB) across primary users of (a) heroin and not crack/cocaine, (b) crack/cocaine and not heroin, and (c) both heroin and crack/cocaine. Additional analyses also examined impulsivity as a mediator of drug choice and SRB. Results indicated that SRB was higher in primary crack...

This study examines whether the relation between acute cannabis use and syringe sharing during single injection days is similar among regular and nonregular users, participating in a cohort study of injection drug users in Montréal, Canada. 236 (36.6%) subjects were classified as regular cannabis users (RCUs), 227 (35.2%) as nonregular cannabis users (NRCUs), and 181 (28.1%) were abstinent. Can...

Truncated multivariate survival models are proposed for the analysis of data from the South Australian Methadone Program. Injecting drug users may have several entries to and exists from the program. A marginal approach for recurrent events is found to provide a useful and simplified basis for modeling the retention of injecting drug users on methadone. The likelihoods and results of fitting tw...

Bangladesh has an overall low HIV prevalence of <0.1% in the general population and <1% among key affected populations, but it is one of few Asian countries that has yet to reverse the epidemic. In order to do this, it is important to understand the transmission dynamics in this country. The aim of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of HIV-1 subtype C strains from Bang...

An investigation is currently underway to explore and control an outbreak of Bacillus anthracis among drug users (mainly injecting) in Scotland. Contaminated heroin or a contaminated cutting agent mixed with the heroin is considered to be the most likely source and vehicle of infection. Heroin users have been advised of the risk. The risk to the general public is regarded as very low.

background: substance abuse is as a health-related behavioral problem, which more or less all countries have to deal with it. this behavior has broad effects on the individual and societal level, thereforeidentifying factors associated with this behavior is necessary. this study compared rates of depression, anxiety and stress between drug abusers and non-abusers. methods: this was a descriptiv...