rational prescribing increases the quality of health care and patient outcomes. in this study, the quality of drug prescription in specialist physicians in isfahan province of iran was assessed for evaluating the rational use of drugs and improving the therapeutic outcomes.this retrospective survey was conducted on a total of 7999530 prescriptions from all general and specialist physicians. the...

drug-drug interactions (ddis) can lead to increased toxicity or reduction in therapeutic efficacy. this study was designed to assess the incidence of potential drug interactions (pdi) and rank their clinical value in post coronary care unit (post-ccu) of a teaching hospital in tehran, iran.in this prospective study, three pharmacists with supervision of a clinical pharmacist actively gathered n...

background: restless and violent behaviors are common in emergency departments (eds), which need therapeutic interventions in most of the times. the first-generation anti-psychotic drugs are one of the most applicable therapeutic agents in the management of such patients, but their use has some limitations. some studies suggest midazolam as an alternative medicine. therefore, this study was per...

the aim of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of vancomycin administration in the hematology-oncology ward of nemazee hospital, shiraz, iran. study criteria were developed to assess the several parameters involved in vancomycin therapy. these parameters include the appropriateness of drug usage, dosage, duration of therapy, monitoring for toxicity and serum concentration monitoring. ...

this commentary discusses pertinent issues from hyosun kim’s paper on online prescription drug promotion. the study is well-designed and the findings highlight some of the consequences of the food and drug administration’s (fda’s) decision to deregulate online advertising of prescription drugs. while kim’s findings confirm some of the early concerns, they also provide a perspective of implement...

extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (xdr-tb) is a new challenge for tuberculosis control programs. lack of effective drugs and high rate of failure in treatment and mortality is a major threat for public health. treatment of this serious infection needs well-designed individualized dosage regimen and powerful national tb program. in this review we will describe the xdr-tb definition and its...

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) have been implicated in diverse aspects of plant growth and development, including responses to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as pollen tube growth and fertility. Here, genetic evidence identifies CNGC16 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as critical for pollen fertility under conditions of heat stress and drought. Two independent transfer DNA di...

In the present study, it was evaluated whether east saline groundwater concentration solution (ESGWc) exerted a favorable inhibitory effect on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced allergic/atopic-like dermatitis (AD). AD was induced and boosted by sensitization with DNCB via topical application on the dorsal back skins. Mice with DNCB-induced AD were bathed in 100-, 200- and 400-fold diluted...

Synthesis-dependent strand-annealing (SDSA)-mediated homologous recombination replaces the sequence around a DNA double-strand break (DSB) with a copy of a homologous DNA template, while maintaining the original configuration of the flanking regions. In somatic cells at the 4n stage, Holliday-junction-mediated homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) cause crossovers (CO) b...

OBJECTIVE Cow's milk (CM) hypersensitivity is one of the most frequent hypersensitivities in infants. The objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence of immediate hypersensitivity to CM based on skin prick test results and to evaluate associated allergic conditions ascertained by questionnaire in infants living in Istanbul. METHODS All infants born between June 2001 and May 2002 ...