Background: It is not well understood whether the self-reported experience of substance abuse-related problems differs by socioeconomic status.Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) on participants who reported ever using illicit drugs or used illicit drugs in the past year.Findings: Among those reporting ever using illicit drugs...

research has shown that quality of life of substance user’s family members adversely damages. the cause of this damage is ongoing conflicts or daily stresses related to constant drug abuse at home. examples of such stressors include: financial problems, verbal and physical aggressions of the addict member, social embarrassment of family members, relationship problems of the family, and destruct...

background illicit opiate use has an increasing incidence and prevalence, which increases mortality and morbidity, marginalization, and criminal behaviors, and causes major adverse effects on society. objectives this study aimed to investigate and follow the outcome of patients who underwent ultrarapid opiate detoxification (urod) prospectively. patients and methods in this randomized clinical ...

ESL students who write in English may present written material in a rhetorical and organizational mode that reflects the pattern which is valued in their native culture and rhetoric. Considering the violation of English code of writing in the writings of Iranian students, we will notice one common characteristic: They are reluctant (or ignorant of) to write a unified paragraph. Their writing co...

The harmful use of alcohol inflicts great deal of social and economic losses on individuals and societies. Given the increase in world population and the predicted increase in alcohol consumption, the alcohol related burden of disease progressively catches higher ranks in the list of factors threatening humans' life. It has been considered that the social and economic burden related to alcohol ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of drug related problems that fail to be noted on casualty cards in patients subsequently admitted, and to compare medication histories as recorded by accident and emergency (A&E) senior house officers (SHOs) and a pharmacist. METHODS An initial retrospective survey of 1459 acute inpatient admissions through A&E over a three month period was followed by a ...

BACKGROUND Infusion therapy through intravenous (IV) access is a therapeutic option used in the treatment of many hospitalized patients. IV therapy is complex, potentially dangerous and error prone. The objectives were to ascertain the drug-related problems (DRPs) involved in IV medication administration and further to develop strategies to reduce and prevent the occurrence of DRPs during IV ad...