The global scale-up of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) has led to dramatic reductions in HIV-1 mortality and incidence. However, HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) poses a potential threat to the long-term success of ART and is emerging as a threat to the elimination of AIDS as a public health problem by 2030. In this review we describe the genetic mechanisms, epidemiology, and management of HIVDR ...

BACKGROUND Bortezomib is an inhibitor of proteasome and NF-kappaB, with activity in various solid tumors and hematological malignancies. AIM The aim of the study was the analysis of in vitro drug resistance to bortezomib and other anticancer drugs in de novo and relapsed adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS The leukemic cells of 46 adult patients with AML were tested for...

conclusions methicillin resistance is a specialized concern in clinical studies, and it is mandatory to detect this mechanism by an accurate method that is updated periodically. increasing the resistance of s. aureus to multiple antibiotics underlines the need for intermittent resistance surveillance. results methicillin resistance was detected in 38% of s. aureus isolates, confirmed by the aga...

The multidrug-resistance associated protein MRP is a 180- to 195-kDa membrane protein associated with resistance of human tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs. We have investigated how MRP confers drug resistance in SW-1573 human lung carcinoma cells by generating a subline stably transfected with an expression vector containing MRP cDNA. MRP-overexpressing SW-1573 cells are resistant to doxorubicin,...

Currently, FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are emerging as the most promising drug therapy to overcome the dismal prognosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients harboring internal tandem duplications (ITDs) of FLT3. However, up-front drug resistance occurs in approximately 30% of patients, and molecular mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood. Here, we have uncovered a nov...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protein expression of the autophagy-related genes, BECN1 and PTEN, and the association with drug resistance in epithelial ovarian cancers. In total, 40 patients with pathologically diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer were divided into a chemotherapy-sensitive group (n=20) and a chemotherapy-resistant group (n=20), according to the results of t...

The Src family consists of a group of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and includes Src, Lyn, Hck, Yes, and Fyn (1). These kinases are critically involved in diverse cellular processes, including cell survival, proliferation, motililty, adhesion, and transformation, among others. Elevated or constitutive activation of Src as well as over-expression are commonly observed in epithelial tumors, most n...