The complex problem of drug abuse and drug-related crimes in communities in the Western Cape province cannot be studied in isolation but through the system they are embedded in. In this paper, a theoretical model to evaluate the syndemic of substance abuse and drug-related crimes within the Western Cape province of South Africa is constructed and explored. The dynamics of drug abuse and drug-re...

This study examined the relative influences of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other psychopathology, and intimate partner alcohol and drug use on substance-related problems in U.S. veterans (242 couples, N = 484). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that partner alcohol and drug use severity explained more variance in veteran alcohol use and drug use (20% and 13%, respectively) tha...

Drugs and substances abuse in patients with refractor epilepsy were investigated in this study which includes 924 patients with intractable epilepsy were studied for serum levels of antiepileptic drugs and for drugs and substances abuse. Positive results for abuse were detected in 246 patients (26.62%), 56.5% of them were in the age group 20 – 30 years. Males outnumbered females with a sex rati...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether juvenile sexual offenders use substances and engage in substance related criminality or if other forms of criminality (e.g. sexual or nonsexual crime) are associated with substance use. Three related quantitative articles were written to execute this project. The first article explored the prevalence of substance use and related crime among s...

Substance P initiates locomotion when injected in the brain stem of mammals. This study examined the possible role of this peptide on the supraspinal locomotor command system in lampreys. Substance P was bath applied or locally injected into an in vitro isolated brain stem, and the effects of the drug were examined on reticulospinal cells and on the occurrence of swimming in a semi-intact prepa...

BACKGROUND Formerly incarcerated individuals with substance use disorders encounter numerous obstacles following incarceration that threaten their sobriety. Obtaining safe and stable housing is a notoriously difficult task resulting in precarious housing that can increase the likelihood of relapse. The current study examined the relationship between substance use and 11 housing settings in a sa...

BACKGROUND In relation to substance use, Spanish adolescents aged 12 to 14 can be largely classified in four groups, from highest to lowest prevalence: (a) No substance use, (b) Only alcohol use, (c) Alcohol and tobacco use, and (d) Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. The aim of the present study is to analyze the possible relationship between impulsivity and the substance-use group to which the...

Preclinical assessment of drug abuse and dependence has been the subject of several recent regulatory guidelines. Both the European and US authorities recommend a tiered approach and are generally aligned on the methods which should be used. The first tier simply compares the pharmacology of the novel substance to known drugs of abuse. The second tier aims to identify abuse and dependence liabi...

INTRODUCTION Prescription-drug use in the USA has increased by more than 60% in the last three decades. Prevalence of prescription-drug use among pregnant women is currently estimated around 50%. Prevalence of illicit drug use in the USA is 14.6% among pregnant adolescents, 8.6% among pregnant young adults and 3.2% among pregnant adults. The first step in identifying problematic drug use during...

introduction: children may be intentionally or unintentionally exposed to any substance. substance poisoning is one of the most important emergency interventions in children that cause a great number of deaths each year. regarding the importance of this issue and recent increase in number of poisoning cases, a study with the aim of investigating cases of substance poisoning and factors involved...