The determinants of realized, perceived, and potential access to prescription drugs among an elderly population were studied. Data were derived from telephone interviews of 3498 noninstitutionalized elderly persons living in west Texas. Access indicators examined were whether the respondents were taking prescription drugs, had perceived problems in obtaining prescription drugs, had comprehensiv...

The development of drug-seeking habits is implicated in the transition from recreational drug use to addiction. Using a drug seeking/taking chained schedule of intravenous cocaine self-administration and reward devaluation methods in rats, the present studies examined whether drug seeking that is initially goal-directed becomes habitual after prolonged drug seeking and taking. Devaluation of th...

abused in humans increases the reward value of ICSS, Department of Neuropharmacology and drug withdrawal decreases the reward value of ICSS The Scripps Research Institute (reviewed by Koob et al., 1993). The increases in reward La Jolla, California 92037 threshold or decreases in reward have been observed following the withdrawal of opiates, stimulants, and al-Drug addiction is usually defined ...