Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and is one of the most common reasons for patients to visit an eye care provider. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immune modulating drug that was approved in the US for topical use in the treatment of DED in 2003, which led to a paradigm change in our understanding and treatment of DED, turning attention to control of inflammati...

purpose: to detect the prevalence of dry eye after vitrectomy and its influencing factors. methods: schirmer i, tear basic secretion test and tear breakup time was done preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively on consecutive patients undergoing vitrectomy in khatam hospital from 2005 to 2006. eyes with previous peritomies of more than 120◦ and symptoms of dry eye or tear tests compatible wit...

IMPORTANCE Dry eye disease has become an important health problem. A lack of concordance between self-reported symptoms and the outcome of dry eye examinations has raised questions about dry eye disease. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between subjective happiness and objective and subjective symptoms of dry eye disease. DESIGN The study adopted a cross-sectional design. SETTING All ...

Glaucoma is a common cause of irreversible blindness with increasing prevalence. Some of glaucoma patients will also experience dry eye. Dry eye is the most frequent side effect related to benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-containing eye drop used for glaucoma patients. In addition, glaucoma and dry eyes have shared risk factors that are old age and female. Dry eye among glaucoma patients need to be ...

Components of the ocular surface synergistically contribute to maintaining and protecting a smooth refractive layer to facilitate the optimal transmission of light. At the air-water interface, the tear film lipid layer (TFLL), a mixture of lipids and proteins, plays a key role in tear surface tension and is important for the physiological hydration of the ocular surface and for ocular homeostas...

INTRODUCTION The mainstay of treatment for pterygium is surgical excision with or without a graft. The most common problem with this intervention is recurrence, for which a multitude of factors have been described. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the recurrence rate of pterygium in conjunctival autologous graft transplantation after its excision in people living in a hilly region of Nepal Materials and...

b a m a s a p T w t m e o h s r t s n this issue of the Jornal de Pediatria, Geraldini et al.1 ttempt to add another piece to the puzzle in order to rovide additional insight into ocular symptoms associated ith allergies. They used a validated instrument that focuses n the adolescent population in school with more than three pisodes of ocular itching, who are more likely to have alleric rather ...

purpose: to compare tear secretion values following lasik (laser in situ keratomileusis) and photorefractive keratectomy (prk). methods: patients referred to aban eye clinic (isfahan, iran) for refractive surgery were randomly assigned to lasik or prk. exclusion criteria were contraindications for refractive surgery, usage of topical ocular drugs, dry eye and reoperation. schirmer test was perf...

PURPOSE To evaluate the characteristics of the essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm patients and the feasible treatment with botulinum toxin A. METHODS Thirty-four essential blepharospasm or hemifacial spasm patients were evaluated according to gender, ocular complaint, time of disease, treatment outcome and complications. RESULTS Age median was 63 years and the mean was 61 years, w...

D ry eye is very common among patients presenting for cataract or laser vision correction surgery. If the dry eye is not treated preoperatively, it can reduce the quality of preoperative data and can have a negative impact on surgical outcomes. Just prior to ASCRS, we surveyed cataract and refractive surgeons about the incidence of dry eye in their surgical patients, their awareness of current ...