The aim of this study was to develop a freeze-drying protocol facilitating successful processing of plant material containing the small surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (S-HBsAg) while preserving its VLP structure and immunogenicity. Freeze-drying of the antigen in lettuce leaf tissue, without any isolation or purification step, was investigated. Each process step was consecutively evaluate...

This paper deals with the freeze-drying process and, in particular, with the optimization of the operating conditions of the primary drying stage. When designing a freeze-drying cycle, process control aims at obtaining the values of the operating conditions (temperature of the heating fluid and pressure in the drying chamber) resulting in a product temperature lower than the limit value of the ...

The main purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the geometry and size of the aggregate, as well as the drying temperature on the compressive strength of the ordinary concrete. To this end, two aggregates with sharp and round corners were prepared in three different aggregate sizes. After preparing concrete samples, the drying operations were carried out in the vicinity of room tempera...

Powder aerosols made of albumin, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and a protein stabilizer (lactose, trehalose or mannitol) were prepared by spray-drying and analyzed for aerodynamic behavior, surface composition and physical state. The powders exited a Spinhaler inhaler as particle aggregates, the size of which depending on composition, spray-drying parameters and airflow rate. However, d...

Reduction of NaCl content in restructured dry-cured hams: post-resting temperature and drying level effects on physicochemical and sensory parameters. The effects of post-resting temperature (5 oC, 15 oC and 25 oC) and drying level (low and high, corresponding to final water contents (w/w) of 57% and 50%, respectively) were evaluated in restructured dry-cured hams. The reduction of NaCl content...

A model for the simulation of timber drying in a batch kiln has been used for the investigation of a set of different questions related to this drying process. The model is global in the sense that it takes into account that the drying air local climate changes as it passes through the kiln load. In Scandinavian, practice kiln stacks are normally built from boards of random lengths so that ever...