Several theories of change imply that disrupting a person's understanding of an event will facilitate a new representation of that event. The authors created a new influence technique involving a small disruption (stating the price of a package of note cards in pennies rather than dollars) and a direct reframing (saying, "It's a bargain"). Four studies showed that a disrupt-then-reframe (DTR) t...

Conditional expression of diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) is widely used for tissue-specific ablation of cells. However, diphtheria toxin (DT) crosses the blood-brain barrier, which limits its utility for ablating peripheral cells using Cre drivers that are also expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report the development of a brain-sparing DT, termed BRAINSPAReDT, for tissue-s...

Based on the homogenized data set, we analyze changes in mean temperature and some extreme temperature indices over China since 1961 and especially during the recent warming hiatus period (1998–2012) in a global average context. The result shows that the decrease of annual mean maximum has contributed most to the decreases in overall mean temperature and in diurnal temperature range (DTR) durin...

This paper introduces a measure we call “demand transfer ratio” (DTR) that is useful metric for inferring and communicating important market impacts associated with new product introductions. We show the sign magnitude of demand ratio can be used to infer whether presence goods expanded aggregate in relevant and/or have demand-cannibalizing effect on pre-existing products. In principle, our uni...

Future climate projections provide vital information for preventing and reducing disaster risks induced by the global warming. However, little attention has been paid to change oriented towards carbon neutrality. In this study, we address projected changes in daily maximum (Tmax) minimum (Tmin) temperatures as well diurnal temperature range (DTR) over East Asia neutrality period of 2050–2060 un...

The air temperature difference is an essential indicator to measure weather and climate change. Tibetan Plateau (TP) a sensitive area global study on its variations of great significance for further understanding the evolution systems, scientific disaster prevention mitigation. In this study, spatio-temporal characteristics daily, monthly, seasonal annual scales their possible causes are analys...

Mutual aid fellowships have been shown to improve outcomes for those with co-occurring substance use and mental illness disorders. Processes associated with usefulness include helper therapy (the assumption of a helping role to foster commitment) and reciprocal learning (the sharing of problems and solutions among members). The present qualitative investigation used focus groups comprised a sub...

B cells were first discovered as antibody producing cells, as B-1 B cells and finally as effector cells. In recent years their capacity to serve as antigen presenting cells is increasingly appreciated, and better tools are needed to study their function. We have previously described a new mouse model, the iDTR mice, that allow for the Cre-mediated expression of the diphtheria toxin receptor, th...

In practical Ultra-Wideband (UWB) systems, Rake receivers are not able to fully take advantage of all resolvable paths, because of the required computational and power resources. On the other hand, Transmitted Reference (TR) schemes are simple, robust structures with low power consumption and they do not require channel estimation, but they sustain a 3dB energy/rate loss, as each symbol require...