This work describes a cryogenic, electro-optically -switched Yb:YAG laser that generates 114-W average TEM power with 47% optical-to-optical efficiency. Pulse repetition frequency is 5 kHz, pulse duration is 16 ns full-width at half-maximum, and is less than 1.05.

Introduction: The buccal mucosa, which contains non-keratinized epithelial cells lining the inner cheeks of the mouth, is a site for local and systemic delivery of medication. This region is highly vascularized and relatively immobile [1]. Buccal delivery allows for the active ingredients to exert rapid onset of action, bypassing liver first pass-metabolism, and avoiding pH fluctuations and deg...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to develop a mucoadhesive coacervate microparticulate system to deliver viable Lactobacillus rhamnosus cells into the gut for an extended period of time while maintaining high numbers of viable cells within the formulation throughout its shelf-life and during gastrointestinal transit. METHODS Core coacervate mucoadhesive microparticles of L. rhamnosus ...

Thermoreversible biogels can serve as effective systems for delivery of drugs through nose with increased nasal residence time. The objective of this study was to use chitosan and glycerophosphate based thermoreversible systems for delivery of doxepin to brain through intranasal administration. Formulations were prepared by admixture of suitable dilutions of chitosan and glycerophosphate with o...

The aim of the present study was to prepare valdecoxib, a cyclo-oxygenase-2 enzyme inhibitor, as a loaded multiparticulate system to achieve site-specific drug delivery to colorectal tumors. Film coating was done with the pH-sensitive polymer Eudragit S100 and sodium alginate was used as mucoadhesive polymer in the core. The microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential sca...

The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site in the body to achieve promptly & then maintain the desired drug concentration. That is why the drug delivery system should deliver dr ug at a state dictated by the needs of the body over a specified period of treatment. This idealized objective points to the two aspects most important to drug del...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate metronidazole loaded floating-mucoadhesive microsphere for sustained drug release at the gastric mucosa. METHODS Alginate gastroretentive microspheres containing metronidazole were prepared by ionic gelation method using sodium bicarbonate as gas forming agent, guar gum as mucoadhesive polymer, and Eudragit L100 as drug release mod...

Trade relationships built through production chains appear to be lasting due to relation-specific nature of the transactions, compared with the usual transactions of goods sold on the open market. This paper aims to verify such stability of international production networks at the global level, with special emphasis on intra-East Asian trade. A series of survival analyses provide an evidence su...

Background: Advances in medical science and nursing care today have led to the survival of preterm infants. Therefore, it is important to address methods to reduce the duration of hospitalization of preterm infants. Aim of the systematic review on the efficacy of aromatherapy on reducing the duration of hospitalization of preterm infants. Materials an...

Bioadhesive polymeric hydrogels capable of firm adhesion to various biological tissues have acquired considerable attention due their significance in medicine and dentistry. Thus far many types bioadhesive been investigated using different polymers such as polyacrylates, poly(ethylene glycol)s, the derivatives polysaccharides proteins, while less has paid polyamphoteric properties cross-linked ...